UCSD Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 8950 Villa La Jolla Drive, Suite C - 207 La Jolla, 92037 San Diego, CA, USA.
BMC Psychiatry. 2013 Nov 7;13:290. doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-13-290.
Restoration of weight and nutritional status are key elements in the treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN). This review aims to describe issues related to the caloric requirements needed to gain and maintain weight for short and long-term recovery for AN inpatients and outpatients.We reviewed the literature in PubMed pertaining to nutritional restoration in AN between 1960-2012. Based on this search, several themes emerged: 1. AN eating behavior; 2. Weight restoration in AN; 3. Role of exercise and metabolism in resistance to weight gain; 3. Medical consequences of weight restoration; 4. Rate of weight gain; 5. Weight maintenance; and 6. Nutrient intake.A fair amount is known about overall caloric requirements for weight restoration and maintenance for AN. For example, starting at 30-40 kilocalories per kilogram per day (kcal/kg/day) with increases up to 70-100 kcal/kg/day can achieve a weight gain of 1-1.5 kg/week for inpatients. However, little is known about the effects of nutritional deficits on weight gain, or how to meet nutrient requirements for restoration of nutritional status.This review seeks to draw attention to the need for the development of a foundation of basic nutritional knowledge about AN so that future treatment can be evidenced-based.
体重和营养状况的恢复是治疗神经性厌食症（AN）的关键要素。本综述旨在描述与住院和门诊 AN 患者获得和维持体重的短期和长期恢复所需的热量需求相关的问题。
我们回顾了 1960 年至 2012 年间在 PubMed 上发表的有关 AN 营养恢复的文献。根据这一搜索，出现了几个主题：1. AN 饮食行为；2. AN 体重恢复；3. 运动和代谢在抵抗体重增加中的作用；3. 体重恢复的医学后果；4. 体重增加率；5. 体重维持；以及 6. 营养素摄入。
对于 AN 的体重恢复和维持的总热量需求，已经有了相当多的了解。例如，起始时每天每公斤 30-40 卡路里（kcal/kg/day），增加至每天 70-100 kcal/kg/day，可以使住院患者每周增加 1-1.5 公斤体重。然而，对于营养不足对体重增加的影响，或者如何满足营养状况恢复的营养需求，我们知之甚少。
本综述旨在提请人们注意需要对 AN 的基本营养知识进行基础性研究，以便未来的治疗能够基于证据。
