Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
Curr Opin Immunol. 2013 Dec;25(6):690-6. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2013.09.012. Epub 2013 Nov 5.
Natural Killer T (NKT) cells are a phenotypically and functionally diverse subset of T cells, which recognizes self- and microbial lipids in the context of the atypical MHC class I molecule CD1d. NKT cells exhibit potent effector functions and play critical roles in antimicrobial defense, cancer immunosurveillance and the modulation of immune-mediated disorders. Recent evidence has revealed extensive cross-regulation between the mucosal microbiota and CD1d as well as NKT cells. Microbial exposure at mucosal surfaces, particularly during early postnatal development, regulates NKT cell trafficking and function in the intestine and the lung and determines the susceptibility to NKT cell-mediated inflammatory disorders. Conversely, CD1d controls the composition of the intestinal microbiota; perhaps through the regulation of Paneth cell function. Here, we provide an overview of recent findings on the crosstalk between the microbiota and NKT cells and discuss the implication for mucosal homeostasis and its dysregulation in inflammatory disorders.
自然杀伤 T（NKT）细胞是 T 细胞中具有表型和功能多样性的亚群，其在非常规 MHC Ⅰ类分子 CD1d 的背景下识别自身和微生物脂质。NKT 细胞表现出强大的效应功能，并在抗微生物防御、癌症免疫监视和免疫介导的疾病的调节中发挥关键作用。最近的证据揭示了黏膜微生物群和 CD1d 以及 NKT 细胞之间的广泛交叉调节。黏膜表面的微生物暴露，特别是在出生后早期，调节 NKT 细胞在肠道和肺部的迁移和功能，并决定了对 NKT 细胞介导的炎症性疾病的易感性。相反，CD1d 控制肠道微生物群的组成；可能通过调节潘氏细胞的功能。在这里，我们提供了关于微生物群和 NKT 细胞之间相互作用的最新发现的概述，并讨论了其对黏膜稳态及其在炎症性疾病中的失调的影响。
