CIMA, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
Aquat Toxicol. 2013 Nov 15;144-145:284-95. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.10.009. Epub 2013 Oct 19.
In natural waters, chemical interactions between mixtures of contaminants can result in potential synergistic and/or antagonic effects in aquatic animals. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and copper (Cu) are two widespread environmental contaminants with known toxicity towards mussels Mytilus spp. The effects of the individual and the interaction of BaP and Cu exposures were assessed in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis using proteomic analysis. Mussels were exposed to BaP [10 μg L(-1) (0.396 μM)], and Cu [10 μg L(-1) (0.16 μM)], as well as to their binary mixture (mixture) for a period of 7 days. Proteomic analysis showed different protein expression profiles associated to each selected contaminant condition. A non-additive combined effect was observed in mixture in terms of new and suppressed proteins. Proteins more drastically altered (new, suppressed and 2-fold differentially expressed) were excised and analyzed by mass spectrometry, and eighteen putatively identified. Protein identification demonstrated the different accumulation, metabolism and chemical interactions of BaP, Cu and their mixture, resulting in different modes of action. Proteins associated with adhesion and motility (catchin, twitchin and twitchin-like protein), cytoskeleton and cell structure (α-tubulin and actin), stress response (heat shock cognate 71, heat shock protein 70, putative C1q domain containing protein), transcription regulation (zinc-finger BED domain-containing and nuclear receptor subfamily 1G) and energy metabolism (ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 protein and mannose-6-phosphate isomerase) were assigned to all three conditions. Cu exposure alone altered proteins associated with oxidative stress (glutathione-S-transferase) and digestion, growth and remodelling processes (chitin synthase), while the mixture affected only one protein (major vault protein) possibly related to multi drug resistance. Overall, new candidate biomarkers, namely zinc-finger BED domain-containing protein, chitin synthase and major vault protein, were also identified for BaP, Cu and mixture, respectively.
在天然水中，污染物混合物之间的化学相互作用可能会导致水生动物产生潜在的协同和/或拮抗作用。苯并(a)芘（BaP）和铜（Cu）是两种广泛存在的环境污染物，已知对贻贝贻贝属具有毒性。使用蛋白质组学分析评估了贻贝贻贝属个体和 BaP 和 Cu 暴露相互作用的影响。贻贝暴露于 BaP[10μg L(-1)（0.396μM）]和 Cu[10μg L(-1)（0.16μM）]，以及其混合物（混合物）中 7 天。蛋白质组学分析显示与每种选定污染物条件相关的不同蛋白质表达谱。在混合物中观察到非加性的联合效应，表现在新的和被抑制的蛋白质。变化更剧烈的蛋白质（新的、被抑制的和 2 倍差异表达的）被切除并通过质谱分析，鉴定出 18 种可能的蛋白质。蛋白质鉴定表明 BaP、Cu 及其混合物的不同积累、代谢和化学相互作用，导致不同的作用方式。与粘附和运动（catchin、twitchin 和 twitchin-like 蛋白）、细胞骨架和细胞结构（α-微管蛋白和肌动蛋白）、应激反应（热休克同源 71、热休克蛋白 70、假定 C1q 结构域包含蛋白）、转录调控（锌指 BED 结构域包含和核受体亚家族 1G）和能量代谢（ATP 合酶 F0 亚基 6 蛋白和甘露糖-6-磷酸异构酶）相关的蛋白质被分配到所有三种条件。单独暴露于 Cu 会改变与氧化应激（谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶）和消化、生长和重塑过程（几丁质合酶）相关的蛋白质，而混合物仅影响一种蛋白质（主要穹顶蛋白），可能与多药耐药有关。总体而言，还分别为 BaP、Cu 和混合物鉴定了新的候选生物标志物，即锌指 BED 结构域包含蛋白、几丁质合酶和主要穹顶蛋白。
