Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South 1 West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan.
Cancers (Basel). 2011 Jul 29;3(3):3055-72. doi: 10.3390/cancers3033055.
Intravesical instillation of bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG) for the treatment of urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the bladder is based on the BCG-induced immune response, which eradicates and prevents bladder cancer. The results of recent studies have suggested that not only major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-nonrestricted immune cells such as natural killer cells, macrophages, neutrophils, etc., but also MHC-restricted CD8+ T cells play an important role and are one of the main effectors in this therapy. Better understanding of the mechanism of BCG immunotherapy supports the idea that active immunotherapy through its augmented T cell response can have great potential for the treatment of advanced UC. In this review, progress in immunotherapy for UC is discussed based on data from basic, translational and clinical studies. We also review the escape mechanism of cancer cells from the immune system, and down-regulation of MHC class I molecules.
卡介苗（BCG）膀胱内灌注治疗膀胱尿路上皮癌（UC）是基于 BCG 诱导的免疫反应，该反应能根除和预防膀胱癌。最近的研究结果表明，不仅主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）非受限免疫细胞，如自然杀伤细胞、巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞等，而且 MHC 受限的 CD8+T 细胞也发挥重要作用，是该治疗的主要效应细胞之一。更好地了解 BCG 免疫治疗的机制支持这样一种观点，即通过增强 T 细胞反应的主动免疫疗法可能具有治疗晚期 UC 的巨大潜力。本综述根据基础、转化和临床研究的数据，讨论了 UC 的免疫治疗进展。我们还回顾了癌细胞逃避免疫系统和 MHC Ⅰ类分子下调的逃逸机制。
