The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia.
Cancers (Basel). 2011 Sep 2;3(3):3461-95. doi: 10.3390/cancers3033461.
Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer of women worldwide and is the first cancer shown to be entirely induced by a virus, the human papillomavirus (HPV, major oncogenic genotypes HPV-16 and -18). Two recently developed prophylactic cervical cancer vaccines, using virus-like particles (VLP) technology, have the potential to prevent a large proportion of cervical cancer associated with HPV infection and to ensure long-term protection. However, prophylactic HPV vaccines do not have therapeutic effects against pre-existing HPV infections and do not prevent their progression to HPV-associated malignancy. In animal models, therapeutic vaccines for persisting HPV infection can eliminate transplantable tumors expressing HPV antigens, but are of limited efficacy in inducing rejection of skin grafts expressing the same antigens. In humans, clinical trials have reported successful immunotherapy of HPV lesions, providing hope and further interest. This review discusses possible new approaches to immunotherapy for HPV associated cancer, based on recent advances in our knowledge of the immunobiology of HPV infection, of epithelial immunology and of immunoregulation, with a brief overview on previous and current HPV vaccine clinical trials.
宫颈癌是全球范围内女性第二大常见癌症，也是首个被证实完全由病毒引起的癌症，该病毒为人类乳头瘤病毒（HPV，主要致癌基因型 HPV-16 和 -18）。两种最近开发的使用病毒样颗粒（VLP）技术的预防性宫颈癌疫苗有可能预防与 HPV 感染相关的大部分宫颈癌，并确保长期保护。然而，预防性 HPV 疫苗对已存在的 HPV 感染没有治疗作用，也不能阻止其进展为 HPV 相关的恶性肿瘤。在动物模型中，针对持续性 HPV 感染的治疗性疫苗可以消除表达 HPV 抗原的移植肿瘤，但在诱导表达相同抗原的皮肤移植物排斥方面效果有限。在人类中，临床试验报告了 HPV 病变的成功免疫治疗，这提供了希望并进一步引起了关注。本综述讨论了基于 HPV 感染的免疫生物学、上皮免疫学和免疫调节的最新进展，针对 HPV 相关癌症的免疫治疗的可能新方法，同时简要概述了之前和当前的 HPV 疫苗临床试验。
