Centro de Investigação, Formação, Intervenção e Inovação em Desporto (CIFI2D), Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2013;83(1):48-58. doi: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000144.
In this study, we determined the prevalence of nutritional supplements (NS) usage, the type of supplements used, the reasons for usage, and the source of nutritional advice among Portuguese athletes. Two hundred ninety-two athletes (68 % male, 12 - 37 years old) from 13 national sports federations completed a questionnaire that sought information on socio-demographics, sports data, and NS usage. Most athletes (66 %) consumed NS, with a median consumption of 4 supplements per athlete. The most popular supplements included multivitamins/minerals (67 %), sport drinks (62 %), and magnesium (53 %). Significant differences for the type of NS consumed were found between gender and age groups and the number of weekly training hours. Most athletes used NS to accelerate recovery (63 %), improve sports performance (62 %), and have more energy/reduce fatigue (60 %). Athletes sought advice on supplementation mainly from physicians (56 %) and coaches (46 %). Age and gender were found to influence reasons for use and the source of information. Reasons for NS usage were supported scientifically in some cases (e. g., muscle gain upon protein supplementation), but others did not have a scientific basis (e. g., use of glutamine and magnesium). Given the high percentage of NS users, there is an urgent need to provide athletes with education and access to scientific and unbiased information, so that athletes can make assertive and rational choices about the utilization of these products.
在这项研究中，我们确定了葡萄牙运动员使用营养补充剂（NS）的流行率、使用的补充剂类型、使用原因以及营养建议的来源。来自 13 个国家体育联合会的 292 名运动员（68%为男性，年龄 12-37 岁）完成了一份问卷，该问卷旨在收集运动员的社会人口统计学、运动数据和 NS 使用情况信息。大多数运动员（66%）使用 NS，中位数为每位运动员使用 4 种补充剂。最受欢迎的补充剂包括多种维生素/矿物质（67%）、运动饮料（62%）和镁（53%）。性别和年龄组以及每周训练时间的不同，运动员所使用的 NS 类型也存在显著差异。大多数运动员使用 NS 的目的是加速恢复（63%）、提高运动表现（62%）和增加能量/减少疲劳（60%）。运动员主要从医生（56%）和教练（46%）那里寻求补充剂建议。年龄和性别影响使用原因和信息来源。在某些情况下，NS 使用的原因具有科学依据（例如，蛋白质补充可促进肌肉增长），但其他原因没有科学依据（例如，谷氨酰胺和镁的使用）。鉴于 NS 用户的高比例，迫切需要为运动员提供教育和获取科学、公正信息的途径，以便运动员能够对这些产品的使用做出自信和理性的选择。
