Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Chapadinha, Brazil.
Parasitol Res. 2014 Jan;113(1):107-12. doi: 10.1007/s00436-013-3632-8. Epub 2013 Nov 13.
Rhipicephalus microplus is the main tick that affects cattle. Plant bioactive molecules can be used to control this ectoparasite. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of Piper tuberculatum fruit extracts obtained with different solvents on R. microplus larvae and engorged females. Hexane, ethyl ether, ethanolic, and methanolic extracts of P. tuberculatum fruits were evaluated. After extraction, all of the extracts were dried. Adult immersion tests and larval packet tests were performed with five different concentrations of each of the extracts. The hexane extracts of P. tuberculatum showed the highest larvicidal activity against R. microplus (lethal concentration (LC50 = 0.04 mg/mL), followed by the ethyl ether (LC50 = 0.08 mg/mL), ethanolic (LC50 = 2.73 mg/mL), and methanolic (LC50 = 4.49 mg/mL) extracts. The P. tuberculatum fruit extracts were also effective against R. microplus-engorged females. Ethyl acetate extracts showed the highest efficiency (LC50 = 18.4 mg/mL), followed by the methanolic (LC50 = 105.6 mg/mL), ethanolic (LC50 = 140.0 mg/mL), and hexane (LC50 = 297.4 mg/mL) extracts. All of the extracts showed similar chromatographic profiles containing 24% piperine. The P. tuberculatum fruit extracts contain bioactive compounds with great potential to improve the standard formulations of acaricides for the control of R. microplus.
皮氏叶甲主要危害牛。植物生物活性分子可用于控制这种外寄生虫。本研究旨在评估不同溶剂获得的菝葜果实提取物对微小牛蜱幼虫和饱血雌蜱的体外功效。评估了菝葜果实的正己烷、乙醚、乙醇和甲醇提取物。提取后，所有提取物均干燥。进行了成虫浸泡试验和幼虫包被试验，使用了五种不同浓度的每种提取物。菝葜果实的正己烷提取物对微小牛蜱表现出最高的杀幼虫活性（致死浓度（LC50=0.04mg/mL），其次是乙醚（LC50=0.08mg/mL）、乙醇（LC50=2.73mg/mL）和甲醇（LC50=4.49mg/mL）提取物。菝葜果实提取物对微小牛蜱饱血雌蜱也有效。乙酸乙酯提取物显示出最高的效率（LC50=18.4mg/mL），其次是甲醇（LC50=105.6mg/mL）、乙醇（LC50=140.0mg/mL）和正己烷（LC50=297.4mg/mL）提取物。所有提取物的色谱图谱相似，均含有 24%胡椒碱。菝葜果实提取物含有具有巨大潜力的生物活性化合物，可以改善微小牛蜱的杀螨剂标准制剂。
