Scalvenzi Laura, Radice Matteo, Toma Luciano, Severini Francesco, Boccolini Daniela, Bella Antonino, Guerrini Alessandra, Tacchini Massimo, Sacchetti Gianni, Chiurato Matteo, Romi Roberto, Di Luca Marco
Department of Earth Sciences, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Km 2½ Via Puyo-Tena, 160150 Puyo, Ecuador.
Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità, ISS), V.le Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Parasite. 2019;26:23. doi: 10.1051/parasite/2019024. Epub 2019 Apr 17.
Aedes aegypti, the main arbovirus vector of the Yellow fever, Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika viruses, is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas throughout the world. Preventive control efforts have been implemented worldwide aimed at reducing its impact on human health. The recent reduction of chemicals available for vector control due to their negative impact on the environment and human health and the increase in mosquito resistance to insecticides have driven the research community to identify and evaluate sustainable alternatives to synthetic insecticides. In this study, the potential larvicidal effect of essential oils extracted from Ocimum campechianum, Ocotea quixos and Piper aduncum were tested in vitro. GC and GC-MS analyses showed that the main compounds were eugenol (18%), 1,8-cineole (39%) and dillapiole (48%), respectively. Susceptibility to essential oils was measured according to the WHO protocol. After 24 h, the mean percentage mortality ranged from 2.7 to 100% for P. aduncum, from 2.2 to 100% for O. campechianum, and from 2.9 to 100% for O. quixos. The highest potential was displayed by P. aduncum, followed by O. campechianum and O. quixos, with LC values of 25.7, 69.3 and 75.5 ppm, respectively. The rapid and effective larvicidal activity of these three oils led us to consider these results to be promising, also considering the possibility of local cultivation of these plants in tropical and subtropical areas and the simple technology for their large-scale preparation and production. Further studies are needed to evaluate the individual components and their activity as larvicides.
埃及伊蚊是黄热病、登革热、基孔肯雅热和寨卡病毒的主要虫媒病毒传播媒介，广泛分布于全球热带和亚热带地区。世界各地已开展预防控制工作，旨在减少其对人类健康的影响。由于化学药品对环境和人类健康有负面影响，可用于病媒控制的化学药品最近有所减少，且蚊子对杀虫剂的抗性增加，促使研究界去识别和评估合成杀虫剂的可持续替代物。在本研究中，对从卡姆佩切罗勒、基克索月桂和弯蒌叶胡椒中提取的精油的潜在杀幼虫效果进行了体外测试。气相色谱和气相色谱-质谱分析表明，主要化合物分别为丁香酚（18%）、1,8-桉叶素（39%）和莳萝脑（48%）。根据世卫组织规程测定对精油的敏感性。24小时后，弯蒌叶胡椒的平均死亡率在2.7%至100%之间，卡姆佩切罗勒的平均死亡率在2.2%至100%之间，基克索月桂的平均死亡率在2.9%至100%之间。弯蒌叶胡椒显示出最高的潜力，其次是卡姆佩切罗勒和基克索月桂，其LC值分别为25.7、69.3和75.5 ppm。考虑到在热带和亚热带地区本地种植这些植物的可能性以及其大规模制备和生产的简单技术，这三种精油快速有效的杀幼虫活性使我们认为这些结果很有前景。需要进一步研究来评估各个成分及其作为杀幼虫剂的活性。
