Vohra Rajaat, Vohra Anusha, Bhardwaj Pankaj, Srivastava Jyoti Prakash, Gupta Pratibha
Department of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Adv Biomed Res. 2013 Jul 30;2:71. doi: 10.4103/2277-9175.115809. eCollection 2013.
Roughly 3 million children die every year of vaccine preventable diseases and a significant number of these children live in developing countries. The present study was conducted to assess the reasons for failure of immunization among 12-23-month-old children of Lucknow city in India.
Out of all villages in rural areas and mohallas in urban areas of Lucknow district, eight villages and eight mohallas were selected by simple random sampling. A community based cross-sectional study was done among 450 children aged 12-23 months. The immunization status of the child was assessed by vaccination card and by mother's recall. A pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire was used to elicit information on reasons for failure of immunization. Data was analysed using statistical package for social services (SPSS) version 11.5. Chi square test was used to find out the significant association.
Overall, 62.7% children were fully immunized, 24.4% children were partially immunized, and 12.9% children were not immunized. The major reasons for failure of immunization were postponing it until another time, child being ill and hence not brought to the centre for immunization, unaware of the need of immunization, place of immunization being too far, no faith in immunization, unaware of the need to return for 2(nd) and 3(rd) dose, mother being too busy, fear of side reactions, wrong ideas about immunization, and polio was considered only vaccine, and others.
More awareness should be generated among the people living in rural and urban areas to immunize their children.
每年约有300万儿童死于疫苗可预防疾病，其中相当一部分儿童生活在发展中国家。本研究旨在评估印度勒克瑙市12至23个月大儿童免疫接种失败的原因。
通过简单随机抽样，从勒克瑙地区农村的所有村庄和城市的居民区中选取了8个村庄和8个居民区。对450名12至23个月大的儿童进行了一项基于社区的横断面研究。通过接种卡和母亲的回忆来评估儿童的免疫接种状况。使用预先设计和预先测试的问卷来获取免疫接种失败原因的信息。数据使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）11.5版进行分析。采用卡方检验来找出显著关联。
总体而言，62.7%的儿童完全免疫，24.4%的儿童部分免疫，12.9%的儿童未免疫。免疫接种失败的主要原因包括推迟到其他时间、儿童生病未带到免疫中心、未意识到免疫的必要性、免疫地点太远、对免疫缺乏信心、未意识到需要返回接种第二剂和第三剂、母亲太忙、担心副作用、对免疫存在错误观念、认为脊髓灰质炎是唯一的疫苗以及其他原因。
应提高农村和城市地区居民对为其子女进行免疫接种的认识。
