社会人口因素对 12-23 月龄儿童全程疫苗接种覆盖率的影响：印度背景下的研究（2015-2016 年）。
Influence of socio-demographic factors on coverage of full vaccination among children aged 12-23 months: a study in Indian context (2015-2016).
机构信息
Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, Malda, India.
Darjeeling Government College & Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, Malda, India.
出版信息
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021 Dec 2;17(12):5226-5234. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1977056. Epub 2021 Oct 6.
BACKGROUND
Vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) are one of the key public health concerns in low and middle-income countries due to incomplete vaccination coverage. Nearly three million children up to 5 years of age die due to VPDs each year. Vaccination plays a significant role in reducing child mortality and morbidity from VPDs. Globally, full vaccination coverage efficiently saves two to three million children's lives from life-threatening VPDs.
OBJECTIVE
This study intends to inspect the influence of socio-demographic factors on full vaccination coverage of children aged 12-23 months in India.
METHODS
A cross-sectional observational study was carried out using the NFHS-4, 2015-2016 data of India. A total of 44,771 children aged 12-23 months born to the mothers aged 15-49 years in the last 5 years preceding the survey were used for this study. For the analyses of the data, Bivariate and Multivariate analyses were performed.
RESULTS
The prevalence of full vaccination coverage of children aged 12-23 months in India was 62%. The result of the study indicated that maternal educational attainment, household wealth status, child size at birth, and maternal health-care services are the main significant predictors of full vaccination coverage. Other socio-demographic factors include maternal age, sex of the household head, exposure to mass media, child birth order, social category, religion, place of residence and region also play significant role in the coverage of full vaccination.
CONCLUSION
The study found that socio-demographic factors play a significant role in full vaccination coverage children in India. Therefore, policymaker and administrators should accentuate the inventive approach for the development of women education, improvement of family income, and easy accessibility of maternal and child healthcare services to surmount the impediment of children full vaccination coverage, which eventually reduce the risk of child morbidity and mortality.
背景
由于疫苗接种覆盖率不完全，疫苗可预防疾病（VPD）是中低收入国家的主要公共卫生问题之一。每年有近 300 万名 5 岁以下儿童死于 VPD。接种疫苗在降低 VPD 导致的儿童死亡率和发病率方面发挥着重要作用。在全球范围内，完全疫苗接种覆盖率有效地挽救了 200 至 300 万儿童的生命，使其免受危及生命的 VPD 的侵害。
目的
本研究旨在检查社会人口因素对印度 12-23 个月儿童完全疫苗接种覆盖率的影响。
方法
本研究使用印度 NFHS-4，2015-2016 年的数据进行了一项横断面观察性研究。共纳入了 44771 名在调查前 5 年内母亲年龄在 15-49 岁之间出生的 12-23 个月大的儿童。对数据进行了双变量和多变量分析。
结果
印度 12-23 个月儿童完全疫苗接种覆盖率的流行率为 62%。研究结果表明，母亲的教育程度、家庭财富状况、出生时的儿童大小以及产妇保健服务是完全疫苗接种覆盖率的主要重要预测因素。其他社会人口因素包括母亲年龄、家庭户主性别、接触大众媒体、出生顺序、社会阶层、宗教、居住地和地区也在完全疫苗接种覆盖中发挥重要作用。
结论
研究发现，社会人口因素在印度儿童完全疫苗接种覆盖率方面发挥着重要作用。因此，政策制定者和管理人员应强调创新方法，以促进妇女教育的发展、提高家庭收入，并使母婴保健服务更容易获得，以克服儿童完全疫苗接种覆盖率的障碍，从而最终降低儿童发病率和死亡率的风险。
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