Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom.
J Therm Biol. 2013 Jan;38(1):24-31. doi: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2012.10.002. Epub 2012 Oct 23.
An experiment was undertaken to answer long-standing questions concerning the nature of metabolic habituation in repeatedly cooled humans. It was hypothesised that repeated skin and deep-body cooling would produce such a habituation that would be specific to the magnitude of the cooling experienced, and that skin cooling alone would dampen the cold-shock but not the metabolic response to cold-water immersion. Twenty-one male participants were divided into three groups, each of which completed two experimental immersions in 12°C water, lasting until either rectal temperature fell to 35°C or 90min had elapsed. Between these two immersions, the control group avoided cold exposures, whilst two experimental groups completed five additional immersions (12°C). One experimental group repeatedly immersed for 45min in average, resulting in deep-body (1.18°C) and skin temperature reductions. The immersions in the second experimental group were designed to result only in skin temperature reductions, and lasted only 5min. Only the deep-body cooling group displayed a significantly blunted metabolic response during the second experimental immersion until rectal temperature decreased by 1.18°C, but no habituation was observed when they were cooled further. The skin cooling group showed a significant habituation in the ventilatory response during the initial 5min of the second experimental immersion, but no alteration in the metabolic response. It is concluded that repeated falls of skin and deep-body temperature can habituate the metabolic response, which shows tissue temperature specificity. However, skin temperature cooling only will lower the cold-shock response, but appears not to elicit an alteration in the metabolic response.
一项实验旨在回答有关人类反复冷却时代谢习惯形成本质的长期存在的问题。假设重复的皮肤和深部体温冷却会产生特定于所经历冷却幅度的习惯形成，并且单独的皮肤冷却会抑制冷休克，但不会抑制冷水浸泡的代谢反应。21 名男性参与者被分为三组，每组完成两次 12°C 水的实验浸泡，直到直肠温度降至 35°C 或 90 分钟过去。在这两次浸泡之间，对照组避免了寒冷暴露，而两个实验组完成了五次额外的浸泡（12°C）。一个实验组平均重复浸泡 45 分钟，导致深部体温（1.18°C）和皮肤温度降低。第二个实验组的浸泡设计仅导致皮肤温度降低，持续时间仅为 5 分钟。只有深部体温冷却组在第二次实验浸泡期间显示出代谢反应明显减弱，直到直肠温度降低 1.18°C，但当进一步冷却时没有观察到习惯形成。皮肤冷却组在第二次实验浸泡的最初 5 分钟内，呼吸反应明显习惯化，但代谢反应没有改变。结论是，皮肤和深部体温的反复下降可以使代谢反应习惯化，表现出组织温度特异性。然而，仅冷却皮肤温度会降低冷休克反应，但似乎不会引起代谢反应的改变。
