Brunger F, Lippman A
Department of Social Studies of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
J Genet Couns. 1995 Sep;4(3):151-67. doi: 10.1007/BF01408406.
Genetic counseling for women of advanced maternal age who are considering prenatal testing continues to be based on a principle of nondirectiveness. We interviewed 11 genetic counseling students and four counselors about how they experience and manage, in practice, the tensions between the ideology of nondirectiveness and the acknowledged reality that one can never be truly nondirective. We found that our respondents creatively resolve this tension-simultaneously resisting and adhering to the values of nondirectiveness and information-giving-in individual and situation-specific ways. This resolution is facilitated by the extent to which information given to counselees is fluid, mobile and context-dependent, but these very features of "information" also have critical implications for both the norms and the practice of genetic counseling.
为考虑进行产前检测的高龄孕产妇提供遗传咨询，仍然遵循非指导性原则。我们采访了11名遗传咨询专业学生和4名咨询师，了解他们在实际中如何体验和处理非指导性理念与公认事实（即人永远无法做到真正的非指导性）之间的矛盾。我们发现，受访者以独特且因个人和具体情况而异的方式，创造性地化解了这种矛盾——既抵制又坚持非指导性和信息提供的价值观。向咨询对象提供的信息具有流动性、可变性且依赖具体情境，这有助于矛盾的化解，但“信息”的这些特性也对遗传咨询的规范和实践有着至关重要的影响。
