Long S, Frey S, Freestone D R, LeChevoir M, Stypulkowski P, Giftakis J, Cook M
Section of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
J Vet Intern Med. 2014 Jan-Feb;28(1):189-97. doi: 10.1111/jvim.12235. Epub 2013 Nov 16.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) together with concurrent EEG recording has shown promise in the treatment of epilepsy. A novel device is capable of combining these 2 functions and may prove valuable in the treatment of epilepsy in dogs. However, stereotactic implantation of electrodes in dogs has not yet been evaluated.
To evaluate the feasibility and safety of implanting stimulating and recording electrodes in the brain of normal dogs using the Brainsight system and to evaluate the function of a novel DBS and recording device.
Four male intact Greyhounds, confirmed to be normal by clinical and neurologic examinations and hematology and biochemistry testing.
MRI imaging of the brain was performed after attachment of fiducial markers. MRI scans were used to calculate trajectories for electrode placement in the thalamus and hippocampus, which was performed via burr hole craniotomy. Postoperative CT scanning was performed to evaluate electrode location and accuracy of placement was calculated. Serial neurologic examinations were performed to evaluate neurologic deficits and EEG recordings obtained to evaluate the effects of stimulation.
Electrodes were successfully placed in 3 of 4 dogs with a mean accuracy of 4.6 ± 1.5 mm. EEG recordings showed evoked potentials in response to stimulation with a circadian variation in time-to-maximal amplitude. No neurologic deficits were seen in any dog.
Stereotactic placement of electrodes is safe and feasible in the dog. The development of a novel device capable of providing simultaneous neurostimulation and EEG recording potentially represents a major advance in the treatment of epilepsy.
深部脑刺激（DBS）结合同步脑电图记录在癫痫治疗中已显示出前景。一种新型设备能够结合这两种功能，可能在犬类癫痫治疗中具有重要价值。然而，尚未对犬类电极的立体定向植入进行评估。
使用Brainsight系统评估在正常犬脑内植入刺激和记录电极的可行性和安全性，并评估一种新型DBS和记录设备的功能。
四只雄性未绝育灵缇犬，经临床、神经学检查以及血液学和生物化学检测证实为正常。
在附着基准标记后进行脑部MRI成像。MRI扫描用于计算丘脑和海马体电极放置的轨迹，通过颅骨钻孔开颅术进行电极放置。术后进行CT扫描以评估电极位置，并计算放置的准确性。进行系列神经学检查以评估神经功能缺损，并获取脑电图记录以评估刺激效果。
4只犬中的3只电极成功植入，平均准确性为4.6±1.5毫米。脑电图记录显示对刺激有诱发电位，最大振幅出现时间存在昼夜变化。所有犬均未出现神经功能缺损。
电极的立体定向放置在犬类中是安全可行的。一种能够同时提供神经刺激和脑电图记录的新型设备的开发可能代表着癫痫治疗的一项重大进展。
