Duzinski Sarah V, Barczyk Amanda N, Wheeler Tareka C, Iyer Sujit S, Lawson Karla A
Trauma Services, Dell Children's Medical Center, Austin, Texas, USA.
SafeKids Worldwide, U.S. Programs, Washington, DC, USA.
Inj Prev. 2014 Aug;20(4):220-5. doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2013-040910. Epub 2013 Nov 18.
To describe temperature change throughout the workday in an enclosed vehicle in Austin, Texas across the calendar year while accounting for heat index.
In this observational study, vehicular temperature was measured 1 day per month during 2012 in Austin, Texas. Data were recorded at 5-min intervals via an EL-USB-1-PRO digital temperature sensor from 8:00 to 16:00. Selected days were primarily cloud-free (with 'clear' or 'few clouds') with a predicted ambient temperature high within ±20°F of the 30-year normal high. Referent temperature and 30-year normal data were collected via the nearest National Weather Service (NWS) weather station. The NWS heat index and corresponding hazard levels were used as a guideline for this study.
Per NWS guidelines, the enclosed vehicle temperature rose to 'danger' levels of ≥105°F (41°C) in all months except January and December and to 'extreme caution' levels of ≥90°F (32°C) in every month of the year. In June, the vehicle rose to ≥105°F (41°C) by 9:25. The hottest vehicular temperature achieved was 137°F (58°C). In 9 months of the year, the vehicle reached ≥90°F (32°C) by noon. We also found that an ambient temperature as low as 68°F was associated with vehicular temperatures ≥105°F (41°C).
Infants and children in states that experience mild winter temperatures face the threat of vehicular hyperthermia disability and death across the calendar year. Prevention efforts that focus on awareness of a childhood heat vulnerability, parental perception of susceptibility to forgetting a child in a vehicle and universal availability of vehicular safety devices may reduce paediatric vehicular hyperthermia death.
描述德克萨斯州奥斯汀市一封闭车辆在一历年中整个工作日期间的温度变化情况，并考虑热指数。
在这项观察性研究中，2012年每月在德克萨斯州奥斯汀市测量车辆温度1天。通过EL-USB-1-PRO数字温度传感器，于8:00至16:00每隔5分钟记录一次数据。所选日期主要为无云天气（“晴朗”或“少云”），预测的环境温度上限在30年正常高温的±20°F范围内。参考温度和30年正常数据通过最近的国家气象局（NWS）气象站收集。NWS热指数及相应危险等级用作本研究的指导。
根据NWS指南，除1月和12月外，封闭车辆温度在所有月份均升至≥105°F（41°C）的“危险”级别，且在一年中的每个月均升至≥90°F（32°C）的“极度谨慎”级别。在6月，车辆在9:25时升至≥105°F（41°C）。所达到的最高车辆温度为137°F（58°C）。在一年中的9个月里，车辆在中午时达到≥90°F（32°C）。我们还发现，低至68°F的环境温度与≥105°F（41°C）的车辆温度相关。
冬季温度温和的州的婴儿和儿童在一历年中面临车辆过热导致残疾和死亡的威胁。注重提高对儿童热易感性的认识、家长对将孩子遗忘在车内可能性的认知以及普遍提供车辆安全装置的预防措施，可能会减少儿童车辆过热死亡情况。
