a Department of Applied Science , London South Bank University , London , UK.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2013;13(6):697-706. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2013.771381. Epub 2013 Feb 20.
Two studies explored the relationship between emotions, perceived mental effort and concentration disruption in adult sport performers. In Study 1, semi-professional association football players completed questionnaire measures before and after a competitive match. In Study 2, student athletes completed questionnaire measures for two performance scenarios: one in which they were performing above their normal level and one in which they were performing below their normal level. Findings demonstrated that cognitive trait anxiety was associated with greater disruptions in concentration but was unrelated to mental effort. For state measures, athletes reported greater levels of concentration disruption when experiencing high levels of anxiety or high levels of happiness, and fewer disruptions in concentration when experiencing high levels of excitement. Findings also showed that excitement was associated with low levels of mental effort during good performances and high levels of mental effort during poor performances; anxiety and happiness were associated with high levels of mental effort during good performances and low levels of mental effort during poor performances. Taken together, these studies point towards potential benefits accompanying high levels of excitement and potential disadvantages accompanying high levels of anxiety and happiness.
两项研究探讨了成年运动员的情绪、感知心理努力和注意力分散之间的关系。在研究 1 中，半职业足球运动员在一场比赛前后完成了问卷调查。在研究 2 中，学生运动员完成了两种表现场景的问卷调查：一种是表现高于正常水平，另一种是表现低于正常水平。研究结果表明，认知特质焦虑与注意力分散的干扰程度增加有关，但与心理努力无关。对于状态测量，当运动员经历高焦虑或高幸福水平时，他们报告的注意力分散程度更大，而当经历高兴奋水平时，注意力分散程度较小。研究结果还表明，兴奋与良好表现时的低心理努力和不良表现时的高心理努力有关；焦虑和幸福与良好表现时的高心理努力和不良表现时的低心理努力有关。综上所述，这些研究表明，高水平的兴奋可能伴随着潜在的好处，而高水平的焦虑和幸福可能伴随着潜在的缺点。
