Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
Biomark Res. 2013 Apr 1;1(1):17. doi: 10.1186/2050-7771-1-17.
Insulin resistance associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and atherosclerosis is a global health problem. A portfolio of abnormalities of metabolic and vascular homeostasis accompanies T2DM and obesity, which are believed to conspire to lead to accelerated atherosclerosis and premature death. The complexity of metabolic changes in the diseases presents challenges for a full understanding of the molecular pathways contributing to the development of these diseases. The recent advent of new technologies in this area termed "Metabolomics" may aid in comprehensive metabolic analysis of these diseases. Therefore, metabolomics has been extensively applied to the metabolites of T2DM, obesity, and atherosclerosis not only for the assessment of disease development and prognosis, but also for the biomarker discovery of disease diagnosis. Herein, we summarize the recent applications of metabolomics technology and the generated datasets in the metabolic profiling of these diseases, in particular, the applications of these technologies to these diseases at the cellular, animal models, and human disease levels. In addition, we also extensively discuss the mechanisms linking the metabolic profiling in insulin resistance, T2DM, obesity, and atherosclerosis, with a particular emphasis on potential roles of increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondria dysfunctions.
与 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）、肥胖和动脉粥样硬化相关的胰岛素抵抗是一个全球性的健康问题。T2DM 和肥胖伴随着一系列代谢和血管稳态的异常，这些异常被认为共同导致动脉粥样硬化加速和过早死亡。这些疾病中代谢变化的复杂性给全面了解导致这些疾病发展的分子途径带来了挑战。该领域称为“代谢组学”的新技术的出现可能有助于对这些疾病进行全面的代谢分析。因此，代谢组学已经广泛应用于 T2DM、肥胖和动脉粥样硬化的代谢物，不仅用于评估疾病的发展和预后，还用于疾病诊断的生物标志物发现。在此，我们总结了代谢组学技术的最新应用及其在这些疾病代谢谱中的生成数据集，特别是这些技术在细胞、动物模型和人类疾病水平上对这些疾病的应用。此外，我们还广泛讨论了将胰岛素抵抗、T2DM、肥胖和动脉粥样硬化的代谢谱联系起来的机制，特别强调了活性氧（ROS）产生增加和线粒体功能障碍的潜在作用。
