Treyvaud Karli
Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2014 Apr;19(2):131-5. doi: 10.1016/j.siny.2013.10.008. Epub 2013 Nov 16.
Parents and the family environment have a pronounced influence on child development. For children at increased risk such as those born very preterm (VPT) or with very low birth weight (VLBW), parent and family functioning can influence the child's level of risk or resilience. This review describes parent and family outcomes after VPT/VLBW birth, specifically parental mental health, parenting stress and the impact of the child on the family. Factors associated with these outcomes are examined, as well as the specific outcomes for fathers. Overall the influence of VPT/VLBW birth on parents and the family appears to be more pronounced in early childhood, with less influence seen by the time of adolescence. Emerging evidence suggests that fathers experience high rates of psychological distress in the first months after VPT birth. Whereas characteristics of the VPT/VLBW child are strongly associated with parent and family outcomes, parent and social factors are also important influences.
父母及家庭环境对儿童发育有着显著影响。对于风险增加的儿童，如极早产（VPT）或极低出生体重（VLBW）的儿童，父母及家庭功能会影响儿童的风险水平或恢复力。本综述描述了VPT/VLBW出生后父母及家庭的结局，特别是父母心理健康、育儿压力以及儿童对家庭的影响。研究了与这些结局相关的因素，以及父亲的具体结局。总体而言，VPT/VLBW出生对父母及家庭的影响在幼儿期似乎更为明显，到青春期时影响则较小。新出现的证据表明，父亲在VPT出生后的头几个月中心理困扰发生率较高。虽然VPT/VLBW儿童的特征与父母及家庭结局密切相关，但父母及社会因素也是重要影响因素。
