遗传和环境对青少年依恋关系的影响。
Genetic and environmental influences on adolescent attachment.
作者信息
Fearon Pasco, Shmueli-Goetz Yael, Viding Essi, Fonagy Peter, Plomin Robert
机构信息
Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, Division of Psychology & Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
出版信息
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2014 Sep;55(9):1033-41. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12171. Epub 2013 Nov 21.
BACKGROUND
Twin studies consistently point to limited genetic influence on attachment security in the infancy period, but no study has examined whether this remains the case in later development. This study presents the findings from a twin study examining the relative importance of genetic and environmental influences on attachment in adolescence.
METHODS
The sample included 551 twin pairs aged 15 years recruited from the larger Twins Early Development Study (TEDS). Attachment was assessed using a semistructured interview, the Child Attachment Interview.
RESULTS
We found robust associations between MZ twins' scores for Coherence and their overall security of attachment (r = .42, p < .001; kappa = .26, p < .001), but substantially lower associations for DZ twins (r = .20, p = .001; kappa = .09, p = .20), suggesting genetic influence on adolescent attachment (and substantial nonshared environment). Model-fitting analyses confirmed this impression, indicating approximately 40% heritability of attachment and negligible influence of the shared environment.
CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that genes may play an important role in adolescent attachment and point to the potentially distinct aetiological mechanisms involved in individual differences in attachment beyond early childhood.
背景
双胞胎研究一直表明，婴儿期依恋安全性受遗传影响有限，但尚无研究考察在后期发育中情况是否依然如此。本研究呈现了一项双胞胎研究的结果，该研究考察了遗传和环境因素对青少年依恋的相对重要性。
方法
样本包括从规模更大的双胞胎早期发育研究（TEDS）中招募的551对15岁的双胞胎。使用半结构化访谈“儿童依恋访谈”对依恋进行评估。
结果
我们发现同卵双胞胎在连贯性方面的得分与他们整体的依恋安全性之间存在强关联（r = 0.42，p < 0.001；kappa = 0.26，p < 0.001），而异卵双胞胎的关联度则低得多（r = 0.20，p = 0.001；kappa = 0.09，p = 0.20），这表明遗传对青少年依恋有影响（以及存在大量非共享环境因素）。模型拟合分析证实了这一印象，表明依恋的遗传度约为40%，共享环境的影响可忽略不计。
结论
结果表明基因可能在青少年依恋中起重要作用，并指出幼儿期之后依恋个体差异所涉及的潜在不同病因机制。
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