Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Feb;99(2):328-33. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.069641. Epub 2013 Nov 20.
Although higher intakes of fruit, berries, and vegetables (FBV) have been associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in some observational studies, the evidence is limited and inconclusive.
We assessed the relation of FBV intake and T2D incidence in Finnish men.
We studied 2332 men from the prospective, population-based Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study who were aged 42-60 y and free of T2D or impaired fasting glucose at baseline in 1984-1989. Food intake was assessed with 4-d food recording. T2D was assessed by using self-administered questionnaires, a fasting blood glucose measurement, a 2-h oral-glucose-tolerance test, and record linkage to a reimbursement register on diabetes medication expenses. In the Cox proportional hazards model, HRs for T2D were computed for the highest compared with lowest quartiles of FBV intake adjusted for age, examination year, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, smoking, education, physical activity, family history of diabetes, and energy and alcohol intakes.
During the mean follow-up time of 19.3 y, 432 new cases of T2D occurred. For the total FBV intake (with the exclusion of potatoes and fruit and berry juices), the extreme-quartile multivariable-adjusted HR for T2D was 0.76 (95% CI: 0.57, 1.02; P-trend = 0.15). In the analysis for FBV components, berries had a corresponding HR of 0.65 (95% CI: 0.49, 0.88; P-trend = 0.003), whereas no significant associations were shown for fruit, fruit and berry juices, and vegetables.
Fruit and vegetables, particularly berries, may reduce risk of T2D in men.
尽管一些观察性研究表明，增加水果、浆果和蔬菜（FBV）的摄入量与降低 2 型糖尿病（T2D）的风险有关，但证据有限且尚无定论。
我们评估了芬兰男性 FBV 摄入量与 T2D 发病率之间的关系。
我们研究了来自前瞻性、基于人群的库奥皮奥缺血性心脏病危险因素研究的 2332 名男性，他们在 1984-1989 年时年龄在 42-60 岁，并且基线时无 T2D 或空腹血糖受损。通过 4 天的食物记录评估食物摄入量。通过自我管理问卷、空腹血糖测量、2 小时口服葡萄糖耐量试验以及与糖尿病药物费用报销登记的记录链接来评估 T2D。在 Cox 比例风险模型中，将最高 FBV 摄入量四分位组与最低 FBV 摄入量四分位组进行比较，调整年龄、检查年份、体重指数、腰臀比、吸烟、教育程度、身体活动、糖尿病家族史和能量及酒精摄入量，计算 T2D 的 HR。
在平均 19.3 年的随访期间，发生了 432 例新的 T2D 病例。对于总 FBV 摄入量（不包括土豆、水果和浆果汁），多变量调整后的 T2D 极端四分位 HR 为 0.76（95%CI：0.57，1.02；P 趋势=0.15）。在 FBV 成分分析中，浆果的 HR 为 0.65（95%CI：0.49，0.88；P 趋势=0.003），而水果、水果和浆果汁以及蔬菜与 T2D 无显著相关性。
水果和蔬菜，特别是浆果，可能降低男性患 T2D 的风险。
