Plantengenetica, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 65, Paardenstraat, B-1640, St. Genesius Rode, Belgium.
Theor Appl Genet. 1984 Feb;67(4):289-304. doi: 10.1007/BF00272864.
Selection strategies developed in microbial genetics were successfully extrapolated to in vitro cell culture systems of higher plants and are having a major impact in the elucidation of regulatory mechanisms of basic cellular processes in eukaryotes. Although an increasing number and wide spectrum of biochemical variants have been isolated in such cell culture systems, their routine selection, characterization, and manipulation have not yet been achieved. Methodological limitations are considered to be one of the major reasons. Suspension or callus cultures, so extensively employed during the last decade in mutation-selection experiments and so useful in demonstrating the potentialities of in vitro screening techniques in obtaining various biochemical markers, have inherent drawbacks which limit in our opinion their further contribution in this field. Protoplast cultures represent an ideal tool for mutation and selection experiments. It is the purpose of this review to show how, due to recent methodological advances in the manipulation of some model protoplast culture systems, essential aspects of mutagenesis and selection of biochemical mutants can be reconsidered. These systems are simple and efficient, and lend themselves to statistical interpretation. Genetic analysis of selected variants should help us to understand and define better the new set of problems and concepts revealed by the somatic cell genetics of higher plants; combined with biochemical analyses it should elucidate the basic relationship between control of biological processes at cellular and whole organism level.
在微生物遗传学中发展起来的选择策略成功地外推到高等植物的体外细胞培养系统中，并在阐明真核生物基本细胞过程的调控机制方面产生了重大影响。尽管在这些细胞培养系统中已经分离出越来越多的、广泛的生化变体，但它们的常规选择、表征和操作尚未实现。方法学上的限制被认为是主要原因之一。悬浮或愈伤组织培养在过去十年中广泛应用于突变选择实验，并且在证明体外筛选技术在获得各种生化标记物方面的潜力方面非常有用，但它们存在固有缺陷，限制了它们在该领域的进一步贡献。原生质体培养代表了突变和选择实验的理想工具。本文的目的是展示如何由于某些模型原生质体培养系统操作的最新方法学进展，可以重新考虑诱变和选择生化突变体的基本方面。这些系统简单有效，适合进行统计解释。对选定变体的遗传分析应该有助于我们更好地理解和定义高等植物体细胞遗传学所揭示的一整套新问题和概念；与生化分析相结合，它应该阐明细胞和整个生物体水平上生物过程控制之间的基本关系。
