Electrical resonance and membrane currents in turtle cochlear hair cells.

The electrical and mechanical properties of single hair cells from the turtle's cochlea were examined to investigate the basis of their electrical resonance. Receptor potentials were measured with intracellular micropipettes in the isolated basilar papilla. At the onset and termination of a step displacement of the ciliary bundle the receptor potential showed a damped oscillation reflecting the frequency selectivity of the cell. Resonance frequencies increased systematically from apex to base of the cochlea. Similar oscillations could be elicited by a current step injected through the recording electrode. Solitary hair cells enzymatically isolated from the papilla were investigated with the tight-seal whole-cell recording method. Cells retained their properties in response to current steps and had resonance frequencies between 10 and 350 Hz. In voltage clamp such cells displayed a large outward K+ current and an inward Ca2+ current both activated by depolarization from the resting potential. The relaxation time constant of the K+ current was inversely correlated with the resonance frequency of the cell, varying from 150 ms in the lowest frequency cells to less than 1 ms in the highest ones. It is argued that variation in the kinetics of this current is the major factor responsible for the range of resonance frequencies. In preparations of the isolated papilla a flexible glass fibre, attached to the tip of a ciliary bundle, was used to deliver constant force steps to the bundle and to monitor its displacement. Receptor potentials were simultaneously recorded. At the beginning and end of a force step towards the kinocilium, the bundle vibrated at a frequency which coincided with the electrical resonance frequency of the cell.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)