Boehmer Tegan K, Foster Stephanie L, Henry Jeffrey R, Woghiren-Akinnifesi Efomo L, Yip Fuyuen Y
MMWR Suppl. 2013 Nov 22;62(3):46-50.
Traffic-related air pollution is a main contributor to unhealthy ambient air quality, particularly in urban areas with high traffic volume. Within urban areas, traffic is a major source of local variability in air pollution levels, with the highest concentrations and risk of exposure occurring near roads. Motor vehicle emissions represent a complex mixture of criteria air pollutants, including carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter (PM), as well as hydrocarbons that react with NOx and sunlight to form ground-level ozone. Individually, each of these pollutants is a known or suspected cause of adverse health effects. Taking into consideration the entire body of evidence on primary traffic emissions, a recent review determined that there is sufficient evidence of a causal association between exposure to traffic-related air pollution and asthma exacerbation and suggestive evidence of a causal association for onset of childhood asthma, nonasthma respiratory symptoms, impaired lung function, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and cardiovascular morbidity.
与交通相关的空气污染是导致环境空气质量不佳的主要因素，在交通流量大的城市地区尤为如此。在城市区域内，交通是空气污染水平局部变化的主要来源，道路附近的污染物浓度最高，暴露风险也最大。机动车排放物是多种标准空气污染物的复杂混合物，包括一氧化碳（CO）、氮氧化物（NOx）和颗粒物（PM），以及与NOx和阳光发生反应形成地面臭氧的碳氢化合物。这些污染物中的每一种都单独被认为是已知或疑似对健康产生不良影响的原因。考虑到关于主要交通排放物的全部证据，最近的一项综述确定，有充分证据表明接触与交通相关的空气污染与哮喘加重之间存在因果关系，并有提示性证据表明与儿童哮喘发病、非哮喘性呼吸道症状、肺功能受损、全因死亡率、心血管死亡率和心血管疾病发病率之间存在因果关系。
