Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.
Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
Brain Behav Immun. 2014 Jul;39:42-55. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.10.026. Epub 2013 Nov 20.
Physical activity (PA) is emerging as a safe and effective tool in the prevention and treatment of psychiatric disorders. PA subtypes include aerobic, resistance, flexibility, neuromotor (involving balance, agility and co-ordination), mind-body (e.g. tai chi, qi gong and yoga) and mixed type trainings. Evidence from clinical trials suggests that PA subtypes can have positive clinical effects, however the effects on the symptomatology may vary according to the PA subtype. It therefore stands to reason that various PA subtypes may modulate the immune system and neuroplastic processes differently. This systematic review aims to assess the immunomodulatory and neuroplastic profiles of various PA subtypes, particularly in unipolar depression and age-related cognitive decline (ARCD). The literature suggests several unique immunomodulatory and neuroplastic profiles for PA subtypes (i.e. resistance, aerobic and mind-body) in depression and ARCD. In depression, levels of various cytokines at baseline may predict treatment response to subtypes of PA and pharmacological agents. The pro-neuroplastic effects of resistance and aerobic PA in ARCD may differ due to variances in neurotrophin profiles. At this stage of literature in the field, it is difficult to draw firm conclusions on the specific immunomodulatory and neuroplastic pathways involved in these PA subtypes given of the small number of comparative studies and methodological heterogeneity between studies (e.g. study population age and illness severity, as well as duration and intensity of PA intervention). This important field requires well-designed, high-quality comparative studies to better describe unique immunomodulatory and neuroplastic profiles.
身体活动（PA）正成为预防和治疗精神障碍的一种安全有效的手段。PA 亚型包括有氧运动、抗阻运动、柔韧性运动、神经运动（涉及平衡、敏捷和协调）、身心（如太极、气功和瑜伽）和混合运动。临床试验的证据表明，PA 亚型具有积极的临床效果，但对症状的影响可能因 PA 亚型而异。因此，各种 PA 亚型可能以不同的方式调节免疫系统和神经可塑性过程。本系统综述旨在评估各种 PA 亚型的免疫调节和神经可塑性特征，特别是在单相抑郁和与年龄相关的认知衰退（ARCD）中。文献表明，PA 亚型（即抗阻运动、有氧运动和身心运动）在抑郁和 ARCD 中具有独特的免疫调节和神经可塑性特征。在抑郁中，基线时各种细胞因子的水平可能预测对 PA 亚型和药物治疗的反应。由于神经营养因子谱的差异，抗阻运动和有氧运动对 ARCD 的促神经可塑性作用可能不同。在该领域的文献现阶段，由于比较研究数量较少，研究之间存在方法学异质性（例如，研究人群的年龄和疾病严重程度，以及 PA 干预的持续时间和强度），很难对这些 PA 亚型涉及的特定免疫调节和神经可塑性途径得出明确结论。这个重要的领域需要精心设计、高质量的比较研究来更好地描述独特的免疫调节和神经可塑性特征。
