Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN, USA.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2013 Nov 11;7:756. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00756. eCollection 2013.
Biographical and historical accounts suggest a link between scientific creativity and schizophrenia. Longitudinal studies of gifted children indicate that visuospatial imagery plays a pivotal role in exceptional achievements in science and mathematics. We asked whether visuospatial imagery is enhanced in individuals with schizophrenia (SZ). We compared SZ and matched healthy controls (HC) on five visuospatial tasks tapping parietal and frontoparietal functions. Two aspects of visuospatial transformation, spatial location and mental imagery manipulation were examined with Paper Folding Test (PFT) and jigsaw puzzle task (JPT), respectively. Visuospatial intelligence was assessed with Ravens Progressive Matrices, which is associated with frontoparietal network activity. Hemispatial inattention implicating parietal function was assessed with line bisection (LB) task. Mediated by prefrontal cortex, spatial delayed response task (DRT) was used to index working memory maintenance, which was impaired in SZ compared to HC. In contrast, SZ showed intact visuospatial intelligence and transformation of location. Further, SZ performed significantly better than HC on JPT indicating enhanced mental imagery manipulation. Spatial working memory (SWM) maintenance and mental imagery manipulation were strongly associated in HC but dissociated in SZ. Thus, we observed enhanced mental imagery manipulation in SZ but the dissociation of mental imagery from working memory suggests a disrupted frontoparietal network. Finally, while HC showed the expected leftward pseudoneglect, SZ showed increased rightward LB bias implicating left hemispatial inattention and impaired right parietal control of spatial attention. The current results chart a unique profile of impaired, spared and enhanced parietal-mediated visuospatial functions implicating parietal abnormalities as a biobehavioral marker for SZ. We discuss these results in relation to creative cognition.
传记和历史记载表明，科学创造力和精神分裂症之间存在联系。对有天赋的儿童进行的纵向研究表明，视空间意象在科学和数学方面的非凡成就中起着关键作用。我们想知道精神分裂症患者（SZ）的视空间意象是否增强。我们比较了 SZ 和匹配的健康对照组（HC）在五个视空间任务上的表现，这些任务涉及顶叶和额顶叶功能。使用折纸测试（PFT）和拼图任务（JPT）分别检查了视空间转换的两个方面，即空间位置和心理意象操作。使用与额顶叶网络活动相关的瑞文渐进矩阵来评估视空间智力。使用线二分任务（LB）评估涉及顶叶功能的半空间忽视。空间延迟反应任务（DRT）通过前额叶皮层介导，用于索引工作记忆维持，与 HC 相比，SZ 的工作记忆维持受损。相比之下，SZ 显示出完整的视空间智力和位置转换。此外，SZ 在 JPT 上的表现明显优于 HC，表明其心理意象操作增强。空间工作记忆（SWM）维持和心理意象操作在 HC 中强烈相关，但在 SZ 中分离。因此，我们观察到 SZ 中增强的心理意象操作，但心理意象与工作记忆的分离表明额顶叶网络受损。最后，尽管 HC 表现出预期的左侧假性忽视，但 SZ 表现出增加的右侧 LB 偏差，这表明左侧半空间忽视和右侧顶叶对空间注意力的控制受损。目前的结果描绘了一种受损、保留和增强的顶叶介导的视空间功能的独特模式，这表明顶叶异常是 SZ 的一种生物行为标志物。我们将这些结果与创造性认知联系起来进行讨论。
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