Boahene Kofi
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Institute of Medicine 601 N. Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA.
F1000Prime Rep. 2013 Nov 1;5:49. doi: 10.12703/P5-49. eCollection 2013.
Facial animation is an essential part of human communication and one of the main means of expressing emotions, indexing our physiologic state and providing nonverbal cues. The loss of this important human quality due to facial paralysis can be devastating and is often associated with depression, social isolation and poor quality of life. Interruption of the neuromuscular pathway from the facial motor cortex to the facial muscles is the common causative factor in facial paralysis resulting from various etiologies. Restoring tone, symmetry and movement to the paralyzed face requires timely nerve grafting intervention in cases of reversible paralysis and the transfer of functional muscle units in irreversible paralysis. We review recent advances in these techniques.
面部表情是人类交流的重要组成部分，是表达情感、指示生理状态和提供非语言线索的主要方式之一。由于面瘫导致这种重要的人类特质丧失可能是毁灭性的，并且常常与抑郁、社交孤立和生活质量差相关。从面部运动皮层到面部肌肉的神经肌肉通路中断是各种病因导致面瘫的常见致病因素。对于可逆性面瘫病例，恢复瘫痪面部的张力、对称性和运动需要及时进行神经移植干预；对于不可逆性面瘫，则需要转移功能性肌肉单位。我们综述了这些技术的最新进展。
