Department of Nutrition, Food Studies and Public Health, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education and Human Development, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
Public Health. 2013 Dec;127(12):1117-25. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2013.10.003. Epub 2013 Nov 22.
To examine the impact of variation in state laws governing traffic safety on motor vehicle fatalities.
Repeated cross sectional time series design.
Fixed effects regression models estimate the relationship between state motor vehicle fatality rates and the strength of the state law environment for 50 states, 1980-2010. The strength of the state policy environment is measured by calculating the proportion of a set of 27 evidence-based laws in place each year. The effect of alcohol consumption on motor vehicle fatalities is estimated using a subset of alcohol laws as instrumental variables.
Once other risk factors are controlled in statistical models, states with stronger regulation of safer driving and driver/passenger protections had significantly lower motor vehicle fatality rates for all ages. Alcohol consumption was strongly associated with higher MVC death rates, as were state unemployment rates.
Encouraging laggard states to adopt the full range of available laws could significantly reduce preventable traffic-related deaths in the U.S. - especially those among younger individuals. Estimating the relationship between different policy environments and health outcomes can quantify the result of policy gaps.
考察州交通安全法规的差异对机动车死亡人数的影响。
重复横截面时间序列设计。
固定效应回归模型估计了 50 个州在 1980 年至 2010 年期间的州机动车死亡率与州法律环境强弱之间的关系。州政策环境的强弱通过计算每年实施的 27 项循证法规的比例来衡量。使用一组酒精法规作为工具变量来估计酒精消费对机动车死亡的影响。
在统计模型中控制了其他风险因素后，在更严格地监管安全驾驶和驾驶员/乘客保护的州，所有年龄段的机动车死亡率显著降低。酒精消费与更高的 MVC 死亡率以及州失业率密切相关。
鼓励落后的州采用现有的全套法规，可以显著减少美国可预防的交通相关死亡人数，尤其是年轻人的死亡人数。估计不同政策环境与健康结果之间的关系可以量化政策差距的结果。
