Kerschensteiner Daniel
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
Neuroscientist. 2014 Jun;20(3):272-90. doi: 10.1177/1073858413510044. Epub 2013 Nov 25.
Throughout development, the nervous system produces patterned spontaneous activity. Research over the past two decades has revealed a core group of mechanisms that mediate spontaneous activity in diverse circuits. Many circuits engage several of these mechanisms sequentially to accommodate developmental changes in connectivity. In addition to shared mechanisms, activity propagates through developing circuits and neuronal pathways (i.e., linked circuits in different brain areas) in stereotypic patterns. Increasing evidence suggests that spontaneous network activity shapes synaptic development in vivo Variations in activity-dependent plasticity may explain how similar mechanisms and patterns of activity can be employed to establish diverse circuits. Here, I will review common mechanisms and patterns of spontaneous activity in emerging neural networks and discuss recent insights into their contribution to synaptic development.
在整个发育过程中，神经系统会产生有模式的自发活动。过去二十年的研究揭示了一组核心机制，这些机制介导了不同神经回路中的自发活动。许多神经回路会依次运用其中几种机制，以适应连接性的发育变化。除了共享机制外，活动还会以刻板模式通过发育中的神经回路和神经元通路（即不同脑区中的相连回路）进行传播。越来越多的证据表明，自发网络活动在体内塑造突触发育。依赖活动的可塑性变化或许可以解释，相似的机制和活动模式如何用于建立多样的神经回路。在此，我将综述新生神经网络中自发活动的常见机制和模式，并讨论其对突触发育贡献的最新见解。
