Stiernström S, Enell A, Wik O, Hemström K, Breitholtz M
Department of Applied Environmental Science (ITM), Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
Swedish Geotechnical Institute (SGI), Linköping SE-581 93, Sweden.
Waste Manag. 2014 Feb;34(2):421-9. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2013.10.041. Epub 2013 Nov 23.
The Waste Framework Directive (WFD; 2008/98/EC) states that classification of hazardous ecotoxicological properties of wastes (i.e. criteria H-14), should be based on the Community legislation on chemicals (i.e. CLP Regulation 1272/2008). However, harmonizing the waste and chemical classification may involve drastic changes related to choice of leaching tests as compared to e.g. the current European standard for ecotoxic characterization of waste (CEN 14735). The primary aim of the present study was therefore to evaluate the influence of leaching conditions, i.e. pH (inherent pH (∼10), and 7), liquid to solid (L/S) ratio (10 and 1000 L/kg) and particle size (<4 mm, <1 mm, and <0.125 mm), for subsequent chemical analysis and ecotoxicity testing in relation to classification of municipal waste incineration bottom ash. The hazard potential, based on either comparisons between element levels in leachate and literature toxicity data or ecotoxicity testing of the leachates, was overall significantly higher at low particle size (<0.125 mm) as compared to particle fractions <1mm and <4mm, at pH 10 as compared to pH 7, and at L/S 10 as compared to L/S 1000. These results show that the choice of leaching conditions is crucial for H-14 classification of ash and must be carefully considered in deciding on future guidance procedures in Europe.
《废物框架指令》（WFD；2008/98/EC）规定，废物有害生态毒理学特性的分类（即H-14标准）应基于共同体化学品立法（即《CLP法规》（1272/2008））。然而，与例如当前欧洲废物生态毒性特征标准（CEN 14735）相比，协调废物和化学品分类可能涉及与浸出试验选择相关的重大变化。因此，本研究的主要目的是评估浸出条件，即pH值（固有pH值（约10）和7）、液固比（10和1000 L/kg）和粒径（<4 mm、<1 mm和<0.125 mm）对后续化学分析和生态毒性测试的影响，这些测试与城市垃圾焚烧底灰的分类有关。基于渗滤液中元素水平与文献毒性数据的比较或渗滤液的生态毒性测试，在低粒径（<0.125 mm）时的潜在危害总体上显著高于粒径<1mm和<4mm的部分，在pH 10时高于pH 7时，在液固比10时高于液固比1000时。这些结果表明，浸出条件的选择对于灰分的H-14分类至关重要，在决定欧洲未来的指导程序时必须仔细考虑。
