MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2013 Mar 15;62(10):177-82.
Road traffic crashes are a global public health problem, contributing to an estimated 1.3 million deaths annually. Known risk factors for road traffic crashes and related injuries and deaths include speed, alcohol, nonuse of restraints, and nonuse of helmets. More recently, driver distraction has become an emerging concern. To assess the prevalence of mobile device use while driving in Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States, CDC analyzed data from the 2011 EuroPNStyles and HealthStyles surveys. Prevalence estimates for self-reported talking on a cell phone while driving and reading or sending text or e-mail messages while driving were calculated. This report describes the results of that analysis, which indicated that, among drivers ages 18-64 years, the prevalence of talking on a cell phone while driving at least once in the past 30 days ranged from 21% in the UK to 69% in the United States, and the prevalence of drivers who had read or sent text or e-mail messages while driving at least once in the past 30 days ranged from 15% in Spain to 31% in Portugal and the United States. Lessons learned from successful road safety efforts aimed at reducing other risky driving behaviors, such as seat belt nonuse and alcohol-impaired driving, could be helpful to the United States and other countries in addressing this issue. Strategies such as legislation combined with high-visibility enforcement and public education campaigns deserve further research to determine their effectiveness in reducing mobile device use while driving. Additionally, the role of emerging vehicle and mobile communication technologies in reducing distracted driving-related crashes should be explored.
道路交通事故是一个全球性的公共卫生问题，每年估计造成 130 万人死亡。道路交通事故和相关伤害及死亡的已知危险因素包括速度、酒精、不使用约束装置和不戴头盔。最近，驾驶员分心已成为一个新出现的问题。为评估比利时、法国、德国、荷兰、葡萄牙、西班牙、英国和美国在驾车时使用移动设备的流行情况，疾病预防控制中心分析了 2011 年欧洲脉搏调查和健康生活方式调查的数据。计算了自我报告在过去 30 天内至少有一次开车时打电话和开车时阅读或发送短信或电子邮件的比例。本报告描述了该分析的结果，结果表明，在 18-64 岁的司机中，在过去 30 天内至少有一次开车时打电话的比例从英国的 21%到美国的 69%不等，而在过去 30 天内至少有一次开车时阅读或发送短信或电子邮件的司机比例从西班牙的 15%到葡萄牙和美国的 31%不等。从旨在减少其他危险驾驶行为（如不系安全带和酒后驾驶）的成功道路安全工作中吸取的经验教训，可能有助于美国和其他国家解决这一问题。结合高可见度执法和公众教育运动的立法等策略值得进一步研究，以确定其在减少驾车时使用移动设备方面的有效性。此外，还应探讨新兴车辆和移动通讯技术在减少与分心驾驶相关的事故中的作用。
