Academic Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Cancers (Basel). 2010 Jun 28;2(3):1379-404. doi: 10.3390/cancers2031379.
The two main histological esophageal cancer types, adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, differ in incidence, geographic distribution, ethnic pattern and etiology. This article focuses on epidemiology with particular reference to geographic and temporal variations in incidence, along with a review of the evidence supporting environmental and genetic factors involved in esophageal carcinogenesis. Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus remains predominantly a disease of the developing world. In contrast, esophageal adenocarcinoma is mainly a disease of western developed societies, associated with obesity and gastro-esophageal reflux disease. There has been a dramatic increase in the incidence of adenocarcinoma in developed countries in parallel with migration of both esophageal and gastric adenocarcinomas towards the gastro-esophageal junction.
两种主要的组织学食管癌类型，腺癌和鳞状细胞癌，在发病率、地理分布、种族模式和病因上有所不同。本文重点介绍流行病学，特别提到发病率的地理和时间变化，并回顾了支持食管癌发生中涉及环境和遗传因素的证据。食管鳞状细胞癌仍然主要是发展中国家的一种疾病。相比之下，食管腺癌主要是西方发达国家的一种疾病，与肥胖和胃食管反流病有关。在发达国家，腺癌的发病率急剧上升，同时食管和胃腺癌都向胃食管交界处迁移。
