Ooms L, Degryse A
Vet Res Commun. 1986 Sep;10(5):355-97. doi: 10.1007/BF02214001.
The etiological factors involved in diarrhea are multiple. Also the mechanisms and mediators involved are multiple: intracellular mediators (Ca, cAMP, cGMP, calmodulin, phospholipids), extracellular mediators (hormones, neurotransmitters, prostaglandins, enterotoxins...), intramural blood flow and oxygen, intestinal motility (local- and peristaltic motility). Till now, antidiarrheals are not so versatile that they provide a solution to all types of diarrhea. The mechanisms of action of fluid replacement therapy, loperamide, alpha 2 agonist and some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory substances are reviewed.
腹泻涉及的病因多种多样。而且所涉及的机制和介质也多种多样：细胞内介质（钙、环磷酸腺苷、环磷酸鸟苷、钙调蛋白、磷脂）、细胞外介质（激素、神经递质、前列腺素、肠毒素……）、肠壁内血流和氧气、肠道运动（局部和蠕动运动）。到目前为止，止泻药还没有那么通用，无法解决所有类型的腹泻。本文综述了补液疗法、洛哌丁胺、α2激动剂和一些非甾体类抗炎物质的作用机制。
