Division of Dermatology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Sci Transl Med. 2013 Nov 27;5(213):213sr6. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3007402.
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a devastating infectious disease and, with the emergence of multidrug-resistant forms, represents a major global threat. Much of our understanding of pathogenic and immunologic mechanisms in TB has derived from studies in experimental animals. However, it is becoming increasingly clear in TB as well as in other inflammatory diseases that there are substantial differences in immunological responses of humans not found or predicted by animal studies. Thus, it is critically important to understand mechanisms of pathogenesis and immunological protection in humans. In this review, we will address the key immunological question: What are the necessary and sufficient immune responses required for protection against TB infection and disease in people-specifically protection against infection, protection against the establishment of latency or persistence, and protection against transitioning from latent infection to active disease.
结核病（TB）仍然是一种毁灭性的传染病，随着多药耐药形式的出现，它构成了一个主要的全球威胁。我们对结核病发病机制和免疫机制的了解在很大程度上来自于对实验动物的研究。然而，在结核病以及其他炎症性疾病中，越来越明显的是，人类的免疫反应存在着巨大的差异，这些差异在动物研究中没有发现或预测到。因此，了解人类发病机制和免疫保护的机制至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们将探讨关键的免疫学问题：针对人类，针对 TB 感染和疾病的保护所需的必要和充分的免疫反应是什么——具体来说，是针对感染的保护、针对潜伏期或持续性建立的保护，以及针对从潜伏感染向活动性疾病转变的保护。
