Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College, Xi'an 710054, PR China.
University Hospital of Gansu Traditional Medicine, Lanzhou 730020, PR China.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2014;151(1):78-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.023. Epub 2013 Dec 1.
Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (Family Eucommiaceae), also known as Dù-zhòng (Chinese: ), Tuchong (in Japanese), is the sole species of the genus Eucommia. The leaf, stem, and bark as well as staminate flower of Eucommia ulmoides have been traditionally used to cure many diseases in China, Japan, Korea, among others. The aim of this review is to comprehensively outline the botanical description, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, biological activities, and toxicology of Eucommia ulmoides and to discuss possible trends for further study of Eucommia ulmoides.
Information on Eucommia ulmoides was gathered via the internet (using Pub Med, Elsevier, Baidu Scholar, Google Scholar, Medline Plus, ACS, CNKI, and Web of Science) and from books in local libraries.
One-hundred twelve compounds of Eucommia ulmoides, including the main active constituents, lignans and iridoids, have been isolated and identified. In vitro and in vivo studies indicated that monomer compounds and extracts from Eucommia ulmoides possess wide-ranging pharmacological actions, especially in treating hypertension, hyperlipemia, diabetes, obesity, sexual dysfunction, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease, aging, lupus-like syndrome, and immunoregulation.
Eucommia ulmoides has been used as a source of traditional medicine and as a beneficial health food. Phytochemical and pharmacological studies of Eucommia ulmoides have received much interest, and extracts and active compounds continue to be isolated and proven to exert various effects. Further toxicity and clinical studies are warranted to establish more detailed data on crude extracts and pure compounds, enabling more convenient preparations for patients. Therefore, this review on the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, biological activities, and toxicity of Eucommia ulmoides will provide helpful data for further studies as well as the commercial exploitation of this traditional medicine.
植物学描述、民族药理学、植物化学、生物活性和杜仲的毒理学：杜仲（Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.）（杜仲科），又称杜仲（中文）、杜仲（日语），是杜仲属的唯一物种。杜仲的叶、茎和树皮以及雄花在传统上被用于治疗中国、日本、韩国等地的许多疾病。本综述的目的是全面概述杜仲的植物学描述、民族药理学、植物化学、生物活性和毒理学，并讨论进一步研究杜仲的可能趋势。
通过互联网（使用 Pub Med、Elsevier、百度学者、Google Scholar、Medline Plus、ACS、CNKI 和 Web of Science）和当地图书馆的书籍收集有关杜仲的信息。
从杜仲中分离鉴定了 112 种化合物，包括主要活性成分木脂素和环烯醚萜。体外和体内研究表明，杜仲单体化合物和提取物具有广泛的药理作用，特别是在治疗高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病、肥胖症、性功能障碍、骨质疏松症、阿尔茨海默病、衰老、狼疮样综合征和免疫调节方面。
杜仲一直被用作传统药物的来源和有益的保健品。杜仲的植物化学和药理学研究受到了广泛关注，提取物和活性化合物不断被分离出来，并被证明具有多种作用。需要进一步进行毒性和临床研究，以建立更详细的粗提物和纯化合物数据，为患者提供更方便的制剂。因此，本综述对杜仲的民族药理学、植物化学、生物活性和毒理学将为进一步研究以及这种传统药物的商业开发提供有价值的资料。
