Turati Federica, Negri Eva, La Vecchia Carlo
Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy.
Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2014 Jan;14(1):1-4. doi: 10.1586/14737140.2014.863713. Epub 2013 Dec 2.
A number of co-aggregations of cancers at different sites has been reported, including recognized syndromes (e.g., Li-Fraumeni), and aggregations between cancers at breast, stomach and ovary, between cancers at prostate, urinary tract and other sites, as well as between several tobacco-related neoplasms. In a network of case-control studies from Italy and Switzerland, including more than 12,000 cases of 13 different cancers, after controlling for multiple testing, significant associations emerged between oral and pharyngeal cancer and family history of laryngeal cancer (relative risk (RR): 3.3); esophageal cancer and family history of oral and pharyngeal cancer RR: 4.1; breast cancer and family history of colorectal cancer (RR: 1.5) and of hemolymphopoietic cancers (RR: 1.7); ovarian cancer and family history of breast cancer (RR: 2.3); and prostate cancer and family history of bladder cancer (RR: 3.4). Shared exposures to environmental factors within families account for some of the observed aggregations, together with heritable, and hence, genetic factors.
已有报告称不同部位的多种癌症存在共同聚集现象，包括公认的综合征（如李-佛美尼综合征），以及乳腺癌、胃癌和卵巢癌之间、前列腺癌、泌尿系统癌和其他部位癌症之间，还有几种与烟草相关的肿瘤之间的聚集。在一项来自意大利和瑞士的病例对照研究网络中，涵盖了13种不同癌症的12000多例病例，在控制多重检验后，口腔和咽喉癌与喉癌家族史之间出现了显著关联（相对风险（RR）：3.3）；食管癌与口腔和咽喉癌家族史之间（RR：4.1）；乳腺癌与结直肠癌家族史（RR：1.5）和血液系统癌症家族史（RR：1.7）之间；卵巢癌与乳腺癌家族史之间（RR：2.3）；以及前列腺癌与膀胱癌家族史之间（RR：3.4）。家庭内部共同暴露于环境因素可解释部分观察到的聚集现象，同时还有遗传因素，因此也包括基因因素。
