GIMAP EA 3064 (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes), University of Lyon, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France.
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2014 Jan;12(1):75-89. doi: 10.1586/14787210.2014.859985. Epub 2013 Nov 26.
Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage is a well-defined risk factor of infection with this bacterium. The increased risk of S. aureus infection in nasal carriers is supported by the fact that the strains isolated from both colonization and infection sites are indistinguishable in most of the cases. Persistent nasal carriage seems to be associated with an increased risk of infection and this status could be defined now in clinical routine by using one or two quantitative nasal samples. There is evidence for supporting the detection of nasal carriage of S. aureus in patients undergoing cardiac surgery and in those undergoing hemodialysis in order to implement decolonization measures. More studies are needed to determine which carriers have the highest risk of infection and why decolonization strategies failed to reduce S. aureus infection in some other groups of patients.
金黄色葡萄球菌鼻腔携带是感染这种细菌的一个明确的危险因素。从定植和感染部位分离出的菌株在大多数情况下无法区分，这一事实支持了鼻腔携带者金黄色葡萄球菌感染风险增加的观点。持续性鼻腔携带似乎与感染风险增加有关，现在可以通过使用一个或两个定量鼻腔样本在临床常规中定义这种状态。有证据支持在接受心脏手术和血液透析的患者中检测金黄色葡萄球菌鼻腔携带，以便实施去定植措施。需要更多的研究来确定哪些携带者感染风险最高，以及为什么去定植策略在其他一些患者群体中未能降低金黄色葡萄球菌感染率。
