Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of USSR, P.O. Box 1243, 664033, Irkutsk 33, USSR.
Planta. 1980 Mar;148(2):108-15. doi: 10.1007/BF00386410.
The development of enzyme patterns was followed in the course of: (a) the irreversible cell differentiation via division and expansion to maturity in the root tip and coleoptile of the intact seedlings, (b) the irreversible cell dedifferentation associated with induction and establishment of callus from the growing internodes, and (c) the growth cycle (proliferation⇋stationary phase) in callus and cell-suspension cultures of maize (Zea mays L.). By measuring the activities of glycolytic, mitochondrial, microbody and hydrolytic enzymes cells proliferating in vivo and in vitro could be compared and changes related to cessation or resumption of cell division could be studied.Proliferating cells of callus and suspension cultures maintained by serial culture did not differ from those of the root meristem and coleoptile in the specific activities of hexokinase, phosphoglycerate kinase and phosphopyruvate hydratase. Proliferation in vitro resulted in an enormous increase in the ratio g glutamate-dehydrogenase/cytochrome-oxidase activity and in the level of acid-phosphatase activity, with concomitant drop in galactosidase and xylosidase activity. A 3-5-fold increase of alcohol-dehydrogenase, lactate-dehydrogenase and catalase activities was characteristic of dividing callus cells, while a ca. 100-fold increase in the fructofuranosidase-to-glucosidase activity ratio marked cell proliferation in suspension-cultured cells.Changing enzyme activities after cessation of proliferation were quite similar in root tips and coleoptiles, except those of alcohol dehydrogenase and catalase. The enzyme rearrangement during callus establishment and in the growth cycle of callus cultures was in most cases comparable to that in the intact tissues, while the changes from the dividing to the non-dividing cells in suspension cultures, in contrast, differed widely from those in the intact tissues and callus. Galactosidase and xylosidase were the only activities that showed a similar trend of changes in all the investigated, intact and in-vitro-grown cells.Thus, judged by the pattern of enzyme development, the cell suspension appears to be a unique system, virtually unrelated to the growing cells of the intact tissues. It is also very difficult to draw a definite distinction between the metabolic consequences of cell growth and enzyme modulations in cell suspensions as the cells adapt their metabolism to the environmental changes in liquid medium.
（a）通过分裂和扩展到成熟来实现完整幼苗根尖和胚芽鞘的不可逆细胞分化，（b）与诱导和建立愈伤组织相关的不可逆细胞去分化，来自生长节间，以及（c）玉米（Zea mays L.）愈伤组织和细胞悬浮培养物的生长周期（增殖⇋静止期）。通过测量糖酵解、线粒体、微体和水解酶的活性，可以比较体内和体外增殖的细胞，并研究与细胞分裂停止或恢复相关的变化。通过连续培养维持的愈伤组织和悬浮培养物的增殖细胞与根分生组织和胚芽鞘的己糖激酶、磷酸甘油酸激酶和磷酸丙酮酸水合酶的比活性没有差异。体外增殖导致谷氨酸脱氢酶/细胞色素氧化酶活性比和酸性磷酸酶水平的极大增加，同时半乳糖苷酶和木糖苷酶活性下降。分裂的愈伤组织细胞的特征是醇脱氢酶、乳酸脱氢酶和过氧化氢酶活性增加 3-5 倍，而悬浮培养细胞的果糖呋喃糖苷酶/葡萄糖苷酶活性比增加约 100 倍标志着细胞增殖。细胞停止增殖后，酶活性的变化在根尖和胚芽鞘中非常相似，除了醇脱氢酶和过氧化氢酶外。在愈伤组织建立和愈伤组织培养物的生长周期中，酶的重新排列在大多数情况下与完整组织相似，而悬浮培养物中从分裂细胞到非分裂细胞的变化则与完整组织和愈伤组织大不相同。半乳糖苷酶和木糖苷酶是所有研究的完整和体外生长细胞中变化趋势相似的唯一活性。因此，根据酶发育的模式判断，细胞悬浮液似乎是一个独特的系统，与完整组织的生长细胞几乎没有关系。也很难在细胞悬浮液中细胞生长和酶调节的代谢后果之间划出明确的界限，因为细胞会根据环境变化调整其代谢以适应液体培养基。
