Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2014 Jan;17(1):75-9. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000006.
The review addresses briefly the relevance of protein diets for body weight loss and weight maintenance. The addition of recent findings on age-dependent protein requirements, specific effects of protein intake and protein source, the relevance of the other dietary macronutrients, especially of 'low-carb', 'protein leverage', the mechanisms of protein-induced satiety, and food-reward makes the review up-to-date.
Different effects of protein diets in different age groups result from age-dependent protein requirements that are primarily related to effects on body composition. A protein intake of 0.8 g/kg/day is sufficient to sustain a negative energy balance in adults, irrespective of the protein source. 'Low-carb' diets trace back to the protein-induced effects. Evidence that protein intake drives energy intake as suggested by the 'Protein leverage hypothesis' is scarce and equivocal. Finally, limited protein-induced food reward may affect compliance to a protein diet.
An implication of the findings for clinical practice is that a protein intake of 0.8-1.2 g/kg/day is sufficient to sustain satiety, energy expenditure, and fat-free mass, independent of a dietary 'low-carb' content. Limited protein-induced food reward may affect compliance to a protein diet.
简要论述了蛋白质饮食对体重减轻和体重维持的相关性。综述增加了最近关于与年龄相关的蛋白质需求、蛋白质摄入量和蛋白质来源的具体影响、其他膳食宏量营养素的相关性，特别是“低碳水化合物”、“蛋白质杠杆作用”、蛋白质引起饱腹感的机制以及食物奖赏的相关发现，使综述内容与时俱进。
不同年龄组的蛋白质饮食的不同效果源于与身体成分相关的年龄相关的蛋白质需求。对于成年人来说，无论蛋白质来源如何，每天 0.8g/kg 的蛋白质摄入量足以维持能量负平衡。“低碳水化合物”饮食可追溯到蛋白质引起的作用。“蛋白质杠杆假说”表明，蛋白质摄入会促进能量摄入，但目前证据有限且存在争议。最后，有限的蛋白质引起的食物奖赏可能会影响对蛋白质饮食的依从性。
这些发现对临床实践的意义在于，每天摄入 0.8-1.2g/kg 的蛋白质足以维持饱腹感、能量消耗和去脂体重，而与饮食中的“低碳水化合物”含量无关。有限的蛋白质引起的食物奖赏可能会影响对蛋白质饮食的依从性。
