Department of Medicine, Emory University, 80 Jesse Hill Dr., Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
Pharmaceutics. 2011 Apr 14;3(2):171-85. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics3020171.
The field of nanotechnology has exploded in recent years with diverse arrays of applications. Cancer therapeutics have recently seen benefit from nanotechnology with the approval of some early nanoscale drug delivery systems. A diversity of novel delivery systems are currently under investigation and an array of newly developed, customized particles have reached clinical application. Drug delivery systems have traditionally relied on passive targeting via increased vascular permeability of malignant tissue, known as the enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR). More recently, there has been an increased use of active targeting by incorporating cell specific ligands such as monoclonal antibodies, lectins, and growth factor receptors. This customizable approach has raised the possibility of drug delivery systems capable of multiple, simultaneous functions, including applications in diagnostics, imaging, and therapy which is paving the way to improved early detection methods, more effective therapy, and better survivorship for cancer patients.
近年来，纳米技术领域呈现出多样化的应用，得到了迅猛发展。癌症治疗最近也受益于纳米技术，一些早期的纳米药物输送系统已获得批准。目前，正在研究各种新型的输送系统，许多新开发的定制颗粒已应用于临床。药物输送系统传统上依赖于通过增加恶性组织的血管通透性的被动靶向，这被称为增强的通透性和保留效应（EPR）。最近，通过结合细胞特异性配体（如单克隆抗体、凝集素和生长因子受体），越来越多地采用主动靶向。这种可定制的方法提高了药物输送系统具有多种、同时作用的可能性，包括在诊断、成像和治疗中的应用，为改进早期检测方法、更有效的治疗和提高癌症患者的生存率铺平了道路。
