Otuka Akira
Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Kumamoto, Japan.
Front Microbiol. 2013 Oct 28;4:309. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00309.
This review examines recent studies of the migration of three rice planthoppers, Laodelphax striatellus, Sogatella furcifera, and Nilaparvata lugens, in East Asia. Laodelphax striatellus has recently broken out in Jiangsu province, eastern China. The population density in the province started to increase in the early 2000s and peaked in 2004. In 2005, Rice stripe virus (RSV) viruliferous rate of L. striatellus peaked at 31.3%. Since then, rice stripe disease spread severely across the whole province. Due to the migration of the RSV vectors, the rice stripe disease spread to neighboring countries Japan and Korea. An overseas migration of L. striatellus that occurred in 2008 was analyzed, when a slow-moving cold vortex, a type of low pressure system, reached western Japan from Jiangsu, carrying the insects into Japan. Subsequently the rice stripe diseases struck these areas in Japan severely. In Korea, similar situations occurred in 2009, 2011, and 2012. Their migration sources were also estimated to be in Jiangsu by backward trajectory analysis. Rice black-streaked dwarf virus, whose vector is L. striatellus, has recently re-emerged in eastern China, and the evidence for overseas migrations of the virus, just like the RSV's migrations, has been given. A method of predicting the overseas migration of L. striatellus has been developed by Japanese, Chinese, and Korean institutes. An evaluation of the prediction showed that this method properly predicted migration events that occurred in East Asia from 2008 to 2011. Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) was first found in Guangdong province. Its vector is S. furcifera. An outbreak of SRBSDV occurred in southern China in 2009 and spread to Vietnam the same year. This disease and virus were also found in Japan in 2010. The epidemic triggered many migration studies to investigate concrete spring-summer migration routes in China, and the addition of migration sources for early arrivals in Guangdong and Guangxi have been proposed. Nilaparvata lugens is also an important insect pest of rice. Its migration situations on the Indochina peninsula and return migrations in China are discussed.
本综述考察了东亚地区三种稻飞虱，即灰飞虱、白背飞虱和褐飞虱迁飞的近期研究。灰飞虱最近在中国东部的江苏省爆发。该省的种群密度在21世纪初开始增加，并于2004年达到峰值。2005年，灰飞虱带毒率达到峰值，为31.3%。此后，条纹叶枯病在全省范围内严重蔓延。由于条纹叶枯病毒传播媒介的迁飞，条纹叶枯病传播到了邻国日本和韩国。分析了2008年发生的一次灰飞虱境外迁飞事件，当时一个移动缓慢的冷涡（一种低压系统）从江苏到达日本西部，携带这些昆虫进入日本。随后，日本这些地区遭受了严重的条纹叶枯病侵袭。在韩国，2009年、2011年和2012年也发生了类似情况。通过后向轨迹分析，估计它们的迁飞源头也在江苏。以灰飞虱为传播媒介的水稻黑条矮缩病毒最近在中国东部再次出现，并且给出了该病毒境外迁飞的证据，就像条纹叶枯病毒的迁飞一样。日本、中国和韩国的研究机构开发了一种预测灰飞虱境外迁飞的方法。对该预测的评估表明，该方法正确地预测了2008年至2011年在东亚发生的迁飞事件。南方水稻黑条矮缩病毒首次在广东省被发现。其传播媒介是白背飞虱。2009年，南方水稻黑条矮缩病毒在中国南方爆发，并于同年传播到越南。2010年，日本也发现了这种病害和病毒。该疫情引发了许多迁飞研究，以调查中国具体的春夏迁飞路线，并提出了广东和广西早期迁入的迁飞源头。褐飞虱也是水稻的一种重要害虫。文中讨论了它在印度支那半岛的迁飞情况以及在中国的回迁情况。
