Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
PLoS One. 2013 Nov 28;8(11):e81924. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081924. eCollection 2013.
The reward value of food is partly dependent on learned associations. It is not yet known whether replacing sugar with non-caloric sweeteners in food is affecting long-term acceptance.
To determine the effect of replacing sugar with non-caloric sweeteners in a nutrient-empty drink (soft drink) versus nutrient-rich drink (yoghurt drink) on reward value after repeated exposure.
We used a randomized crossover design whereby forty subjects (15 men, 25 women) with a mean ± SD age of 21 ± 2 y and BMI of 21.5 ± 1.7 kg/m(2) consumed a fixed portion of a non-caloric sweetened (NS) and sugar sweetened (SS) versions of either a soft drink or a yoghurt drink (counterbalanced) for breakfast which were distinguishable by means of colored labels. Each version of a drink was offered 10 times in semi-random order. Before and after conditioning the reward value of the drinks was assessed using behavioral tasks on wanting, liking, and expected satiety. In a subgroup (n=18) fMRI was performed to assess brain reward responses to the drinks.
Outcomes of both the behavioral tasks and fMRI showed that conditioning did not affect the reward value of the NS and SS versions of the drinks significantly. Overall, subjects preferred the yoghurt drinks to the soft drinks and the ss drinks to the NS drinks. In addition, they expected the yoghurt drinks to be more satiating, they reduced hunger more, and delayed the first eating episode more. Conditioning did not influence these effects.
Our study showed that repeated consumption of a non-caloric sweetened beverage, instead of a sugar sweetened version, appears not to result in changes in the reward value. It cannot be ruled out that learned associations between sensory attributes and food satiating capacity which developed preceding the conditioning period, during lifetime, affected the reward value of the drinks.
食物的奖励价值部分取决于习得的关联。目前尚不清楚在食物中用无热量甜味剂替代糖是否会影响长期接受度。
确定在反复暴露于用无热量甜味剂替代营养空虚饮料（软饮料）和营养丰富饮料（酸奶饮料）中的糖后，对奖励价值的影响。
我们采用随机交叉设计，其中 40 名受试者（15 名男性，25 名女性）的平均年龄 ± SD 为 21 ± 2 岁，BMI 为 21.5 ± 1.7 kg/m(2)，早餐分别摄入固定份量的无热量甜味剂（NS）和糖甜味剂（SS）的软饮料或酸奶饮料（平衡），通过彩色标签区分。每种饮料的版本以半随机顺序提供 10 次。在调节前后，使用行为任务评估饮料的想要、喜欢和预期饱腹感的奖励价值。在亚组（n=18）中进行 fMRI 以评估大脑对饮料的奖励反应。
行为任务和 fMRI 的结果均表明，调节不会显著影响 NS 和 SS 饮料版本的奖励价值。总体而言，与软饮料相比，受试者更喜欢酸奶饮料，与 NS 饮料相比，更喜欢 SS 饮料。此外，他们预计酸奶饮料更有饱腹感，能减少饥饿感，并且能延迟第一次进食时间。调节没有影响这些效果。
我们的研究表明，反复摄入无热量甜味剂饮料而不是糖甜味剂版本似乎不会导致奖励价值的变化。不能排除在调节期之前、一生中发展起来的感官属性和食物饱腹感之间的习得关联会影响饮料的奖励价值。
