Kiessling Fabian, Fokong Stanley, Bzyl Jessica, Lederle Wiltrud, Palmowski Moritz, Lammers Twan
Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2014 Jun;72:15-27. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.11.013. Epub 2013 Dec 4.
Ultrasound (US) imaging is an exquisite tool for the non-invasive and real-time diagnosis of many different diseases. In this context, US contrast agents can improve lesion delineation, characterization and therapy response evaluation. US contrast agents are usually micrometer-sized gas bubbles, stabilized with soft or hard shells. By conjugating antibodies to the microbubble (MB) surface, and by incorporating diagnostic agents, drugs or nucleic acids into or onto the MB shell, molecular, multimodal and theranostic MBs can be generated. We here summarize recent advances in molecular, multimodal and theranostic US imaging, and introduce concepts how such advanced MB can be generated, applied and imaged. Examples are given for their use to image and treat oncological, cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Furthermore, we discuss for which therapeutic entities incorporation into (or conjugation to) MB is meaningful, and how US-mediated MB destruction can increase their extravasation, penetration, internalization and efficacy.
超声（US）成像对于多种不同疾病的无创实时诊断而言是一种精密工具。在此背景下，超声造影剂可改善病变的勾勒、特征描述及治疗反应评估。超声造影剂通常是微米级大小的气泡，由软壳或硬壳稳定。通过将抗体偶联至微泡（MB）表面，并将诊断剂、药物或核酸掺入MB壳层内或壳层上，可生成分子型、多模态及诊疗一体化微泡。我们在此总结分子型、多模态及诊疗一体化超声成像的最新进展，并介绍如何生成、应用及成像此类先进微泡的概念。给出了其用于成像和治疗肿瘤、心血管及神经疾病的示例。此外，我们讨论了将哪些治疗实体掺入（或偶联至）微泡是有意义的，以及超声介导的微泡破坏如何能增加其渗出、渗透、内化及疗效。
