Technical University of Berlin, Chair of Water Quality Control, Str. des 17. Juni, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
Water Res. 2014 Feb 1;49:34-43. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.11.016. Epub 2013 Nov 20.
Ozonation is known as an efficient treatment to reduce the concentration of many trace organic compounds from WWTP effluents, but the formation of unknown and possibly persistent and toxic transformation products has to be considered. In this paper tertiary treatment of wastewater by the combination of ozone and soil aquifer treatment was investigated with respect to the removal of the antiepileptic drug carbamazepine (CBZ, 10 μg/L) and its transformation products. Batch tests and pilot experiments confirmed efficient removal of carbamazepine from secondary effluent by ozone. With typical ozone consumption of 0.7 mg O3/mg DOC0, approx. 50% of the transformed CBZ was detected as its primary product 1-(2-benzaldehyde)-4-hydro-(1H,3H)-quinazoline-2-one (BQM). Structure proposals and a formation pathway were elaborated for a total of 13 ozonation products of CBZ. In subsequent biological treatment BQM turned out to be more effectively biodegraded than CBZ. Its aldehyde group was quickly oxidized to a carboxylic acid (BaQM), which was removed in sand column experiments. Most of the minor ozonation products of CBZ persisted in sand column experiments with residence times of 5-6 days. Non-target screening of column effluent revealed no formation of persistent biotransformation products.
臭氧化是一种有效降低 WWTP 出水中许多痕量有机化合物浓度的处理方法，但必须考虑形成未知的、可能具有持久性和毒性的转化产物。本文研究了臭氧与土壤含水层处理相结合的废水三级处理方法，以去除抗癫痫药物卡马西平（CBZ，10μg/L）及其转化产物。批量试验和中试试验证实了臭氧对二级出水的卡马西平的有效去除。典型的臭氧消耗为 0.7mgO3/mgDOC0，约 50%的转化 CBZ 被检测为其主要产物 1-(2-苯甲醛)-4-羟-(1H,3H)-喹唑啉-2-酮（BQM）。对 CBZ 的总共 13 种臭氧化产物进行了结构提议和形成途径的阐述。在随后的生物处理中，BQM 比 CBZ 更有效地被生物降解。其醛基迅速氧化为羧酸（BaQM），在砂柱实验中被去除。在停留时间为 5-6 天的砂柱实验中，CBZ 的大多数次要臭氧化产物仍然存在。柱流出物的非靶向筛选未发现持久性生物转化产物的形成。
