Lab of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Institute of Safety Management, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
Lab of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2014 Jan 15;264:350-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.09.070. Epub 2013 Oct 22.
China is well known being rich in sulfurous natural gas with huge deposits widely distributed all over the country. Due to the toxic nature, the release of hydrogen sulfide-containing natural gas from the pipelines intends to impose serious threats to the human, society and environment around the release sources. CFD algorithm is adopted to simulate the dispersion process of gas, and the results prove that Gaussian plume model is suitable for determining the affected region of the well blowout of sulfide hydrogen-containing natural gas. In accordance with the analysis of release scenarios, the present study proposes a new approach for estimating the risk of hydrogen sulfide poisoning hazards, as caused by sulfide-hydrogen-containing natural gas releases. Historical accident-statistical data from the EGIG (European Gas Pipeline Incident Data Group) and the Britain Gas Transco are integrated into the approach. Also, the dose-load effect is introduced to exploit the hazards' effects by two essential parameters - toxic concentration and exposure time. The approach was applied to three release scenarios occurring on the East-Sichuan Gas Transportation Project, and the individual risk and societal risk are classified and discussed. Results show that societal risk varies significantly with different factors, including population density, distance from pipeline, operating conditions and so on. Concerning the dispersion process of hazardous gas, available safe egress time was studied from the perspective of individual fatality risks. The present approach can provide reliable support for the safety management and maintenance of natural gas pipelines as well as evacuations that may occur after release incidents.
中国拥有丰富的含硫天然气资源，其储量广泛分布于全国各地。由于其毒性，含硫化氢天然气从管道中释放出来，会对释放源周围的人类、社会和环境造成严重威胁。本研究采用 CFD 算法模拟气体的扩散过程，结果表明高斯烟羽模型适用于确定含硫化氢天然气井喷的影响区域。根据释放情景的分析，本研究提出了一种新的方法来估计含硫化氢天然气释放造成的硫化氢中毒危害风险。该方法整合了来自欧洲天然气管道事故数据组（EGIG）和英国天然气传输公司（Britain Gas Transco）的历史事故统计数据，并引入了剂量-负荷效应，通过两个重要参数——有毒浓度和暴露时间来利用危害的影响。该方法应用于东川输气工程发生的三个释放情景中，并对个人风险和社会风险进行了分类和讨论。结果表明，社会风险因人口密度、与管道的距离、运行条件等因素的不同而有显著差异。关于危险气体的扩散过程，从个人死亡风险的角度研究了可用的安全撤离时间。本方法可为天然气管道的安全管理和维护以及释放事故后可能发生的撤离提供可靠的支持。
