Fleming Theresa M, Clark Terryann, Denny Simon, Bullen Pat, Crengle Sue, Peiris-John Roshini, Robinson Elizabeth, Rossen Fiona V, Sheridan Janie, Lucassen Mathijs
University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2014 May;48(5):472-80. doi: 10.1177/0004867413514489. Epub 2013 Dec 6.
To describe the self-reported mental health of New Zealand secondary school students in 2012 and to investigate changes between 2007 and 2012.
Nationally representative health and wellbeing surveys of students were completed in 2007 (n=9107) and 2012 (n=8500). Logistic regressions were used to examine the associations between mental health and changes over time. Prevalence data and adjusted odds ratios are presented.
In 2012, approximately three-quarters (76.2%, 95% CI 74.8-77.5) of students reported good overall wellbeing. By contrast (also in 2012), some students reported self-harming (24.0%, 95% CI 22.7-25.4), depressive symptoms (12.8%, 95% CI 11.6-13.9), 2 weeks of low mood (31%, 95% CI 29.7-32.5), suicidal ideation (15.7%, 95% 14.5-17.0), and suicide attempts (4.5%, 95% CI 3.8-5.2). Between 2007 and 2012, there appeared to be slight increases in the proportions of students reporting an episode of low mood (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.06-1.23, p=0.0009), depressive symptoms (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.03-1.30, p=0.011), and using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire - emotional symptoms (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.23-1.54, p<0.0001), hyperactivity (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.05-1.29, p=0.0051), and peer problems (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.09-1.49, p=0.0022). The proportion of students aged 16 years or older reporting self-harm increased slightly between surveys, but there was little change for students aged 15 years or less (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.15-1.44 and OR 1.10, 95% 0.98-1.23, respectively, p=0.0078). There were no changes in reported suicidal ideation and suicide attempts between 2007 and 2012. However, there has been an improvement in self-reported conduct problems since 2007 (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.70-0.87, p<0.0001).
The findings suggest a slight decline in aspects of self-reported mental health amongst New Zealand secondary school students between 2007 and 2012. There is a need for ongoing monitoring and for evidence-based, accessible interventions that prevent mental ill health and promote psychological wellbeing.
描述2012年新西兰中学生自我报告的心理健康状况，并调查2007年至2012年期间的变化。
分别于2007年（n = 9107）和2012年（n = 8500）完成了具有全国代表性的学生健康与幸福调查。采用逻辑回归分析来检验心理健康与时间变化之间的关联。呈现患病率数据和调整后的优势比。
2012年，约四分之三（76.2%，95%可信区间74.8 - 77.5）的学生报告整体幸福感良好。相比之下（同样在2012年），一些学生报告有自我伤害行为（24.0%，95%可信区间22.7 - 25.4）、抑郁症状（12.8%，95%可信区间11.6 - 13.9）、持续两周情绪低落（31%，95%可信区间29.7 - 32.5）、自杀意念（15.7%，95%可信区间14.5 - 17.0）以及自杀未遂（4.5%，95%可信区间3.8 - 5.2）。在2007年至2012年期间，报告有情绪低落发作（优势比1.14，95%可信区间1.06 - 1.23，p = 0.0009）、抑郁症状（优势比1.16，95%可信区间1.03 - 1.30，p = 0.011）以及使用优势与困难问卷 - 情绪症状（优势比1.38，95%可信区间1.23 - 1.54，p < 0.0001）、多动（优势比1.16，95%可信区间1.05 - 1.29，p = 0.0051）和同伴问题（优势比1.27，95%可信区间1.09 - 1.49，p = 0.0022）的学生比例似乎略有增加。在两次调查之间，16岁及以上报告自我伤害的学生比例略有增加，但15岁及以下学生的比例变化不大（优势比分别为1.29，95%可信区间1.15 - 1.44和1.10，95%可信区间0.98 - 1.23，p = 0.0078）。2007年至2012年期间，报告的自杀意念和自杀未遂情况没有变化。然而，自2007年以来，自我报告的行为问题有所改善（优势比0.78，95%可信区间0.70 - 0.87，p < 0.0001）。
研究结果表明，2007年至2012年期间，新西兰中学生自我报告的心理健康状况在某些方面略有下降。需要持续监测，并开展基于证据的、可及的干预措施，以预防精神疾病并促进心理健康。
