Williams Joanna L, Aiyer Sophie M, Durkee Myles I, Tolan Patrick H
Curry School of Education, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400277, Charlottesville, VA, 22904-4277, USA,
J Youth Adolesc. 2014 Oct;43(10):1728-41. doi: 10.1007/s10964-013-0071-x. Epub 2013 Dec 7.
Having a connection to one's ethnic heritage is considered a protective factor in the face of discrimination; however, it is unclear whether the protective effects are persistent across multiple stressors. Furthermore, the dimensions of ethnic identity that reflect group pride/connection (affirmation) and exploration of the meaning of group membership (achievement) may operate differently in the face of stress. The present study examined the moderating role of ethnic identity affirmation and achievement on concurrent and longitudinal relationships between exposure to stress (discrimination, family hardship, exposure to violence) and antisocial behavior in a sample of 256 Black and Latino male youth (70% Black) living in low-income urban neighborhoods. Using regression analysis, concurrent associations were examined at age 18, and longitudinal associations were tested 18 months later. We found that, among youth experiencing discrimination, high levels of achievement and low levels of affirmation predicted greater aggressive behavior and delinquency. Low affirmation also predicted more criminal offending in the face of discrimination. The two dimensions operated similarly in the context of family stress, in which case high levels of affirmation and achievement predicted lower levels of antisocial behavior. The findings suggest a differential role of the two dimensions of ethnic identity with respect to discrimination; furthermore, the coping skills that may be promoted as youth make meaning of their ethnic group membership may serve as cultural assets in the face of family stress.
与自己的种族传承建立联系被认为是面对歧视时的一个保护因素；然而，尚不清楚这种保护作用在面对多种压力源时是否持续存在。此外，反映群体自豪感/联系（肯定）和对群体成员身份意义的探索（成就）的种族认同维度在面对压力时可能发挥不同的作用。本研究考察了种族认同肯定和成就对256名生活在低收入城市社区的黑人和拉丁裔男性青少年（70%为黑人）中压力暴露（歧视、家庭困难、暴力暴露）与反社会行为之间的同时期和纵向关系的调节作用。使用回归分析，在18岁时考察同时期关联，并在18个月后测试纵向关联。我们发现，在经历歧视的青少年中，高成就水平和低肯定水平预示着更具攻击性的行为和犯罪行为。低肯定水平还预示着在面对歧视时会有更多的犯罪行为。在家庭压力背景下，这两个维度的作用相似，在这种情况下，高肯定水平和成就水平预示着较低水平的反社会行为。研究结果表明，种族认同的两个维度在歧视方面发挥着不同的作用；此外，随着青少年理解自己的群体成员身份而可能得到提升的应对技能，在面对家庭压力时可能成为文化资产。
