Gorman-Smith D, Tolan P
University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
Dev Psychopathol. 1998 Winter;10(1):101-16. doi: 10.1017/s0954579498001539.
While research has well documented that urban youth are exposed to increasing rates of community violence, little is known about what increases risk for violence exposure, what protects children from exposure to violence, and what factors reduce the most negative outcomes associated with witnessing violence. This study expands on current research by evaluating the relations between exposure to violence, family relationship characteristics and parenting practices, and aggression and depression symptoms. Data were drawn from a sample of 245 African-American and Latino boys and their caregivers from economically disadvantaged inner-city neighborhoods in Chicago. Rates of exposure could not be predicted from family relationship and parenting characteristics, although there was a trend for discipline to be related. Exposure to community violence was related to increases in aggressive behavior and depression over a 1-year period even after controlling for previous status. Future studies should continue to evaluate the role of exposure to violence on the development of youth among different neighborhoods and communities. Implications for intervention and policy are discussed.
虽然研究已充分证明城市青少年遭受社区暴力的比率在不断上升，但对于哪些因素会增加暴力暴露风险、哪些因素能保护儿童免受暴力侵害，以及哪些因素能减少目睹暴力带来的最负面后果，我们却知之甚少。本研究通过评估暴力暴露、家庭关系特征与养育方式以及攻击和抑郁症状之间的关系，对现有研究进行了拓展。数据取自芝加哥经济弱势的市中心社区的245名非裔美国人和拉丁裔男孩及其照顾者。尽管在管教方面存在一定关联趋势，但暴力暴露率无法从家庭关系和养育特征中预测出来。即使在控制了先前状况之后，社区暴力暴露在1年时间里仍与攻击行为和抑郁的增加有关。未来的研究应继续评估暴力暴露在不同社区和邻里青少年发展过程中的作用。文中还讨论了干预措施和政策的影响。
