Garnett Bernice Raveche, Masyn Katherine E, Austin S Bryn, Miller Matthew, Williams David R, Viswanath Kasisomayajula
Department of Education, College of Education and Social Services, University of Vermont, 533 Waterman Building, 85 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA,
J Youth Adolesc. 2014 Aug;43(8):1225-39. doi: 10.1007/s10964-013-0073-8. Epub 2013 Dec 8.
Discrimination is commonly experienced among adolescents. However, little is known about the intersection of multiple attributes of discrimination and bullying. We used a latent class analysis (LCA) to illustrate the intersections of discrimination attributes and bullying, and to assess the associations of LCA membership to depressive symptoms, deliberate self harm and suicidal ideation among a sample of ethnically diverse adolescents. The data come from the 2006 Boston Youth Survey where students were asked whether they had experienced discrimination based on four attributes: race/ethnicity, immigration status, perceived sexual orientation and weight. They were also asked whether they had been bullied or assaulted for these attributes. A total of 965 (78%) students contributed to the LCA analytic sample (45% Non-Hispanic Black, 29% Hispanic, 58% Female). The LCA revealed that a 4-class solution had adequate relative and absolute fit. The 4-classes were characterized as: low discrimination (51%); racial discrimination (33%); sexual orientation discrimination (7%); racial and weight discrimination with high bullying (intersectional class) (7%). In multivariate models, compared to the low discrimination class, individuals in the sexual orientation discrimination class and the intersectional class had higher odds of engaging in deliberate self-harm. Students in the intersectional class also had higher odds of suicidal ideation. All three discrimination latent classes had significantly higher depressive symptoms compared to the low discrimination class. Multiple attributes of discrimination and bullying co-occur among adolescents. Research should consider the co-occurrence of bullying and discrimination.
青少年中普遍存在歧视现象。然而，对于歧视和欺凌的多种属性的交叉情况却知之甚少。我们使用潜在类别分析（LCA）来说明歧视属性和欺凌的交叉情况，并评估在一个种族多样化的青少年样本中，潜在类别分析类别与抑郁症状、故意自我伤害和自杀意念之间的关联。数据来自2006年波士顿青少年调查，在该调查中，学生们被问及是否基于四个属性经历过歧视：种族/民族、移民身份、感知的性取向和体重。他们还被问及是否因这些属性而受到欺凌或攻击。共有965名（78%）学生参与了潜在类别分析样本（45%是非西班牙裔黑人，29%是西班牙裔，58%是女性）。潜在类别分析显示，四类解决方案具有足够的相对和绝对拟合度。这四类的特点是：低歧视（51%）；种族歧视（33%）；性取向歧视（7%）；种族和体重歧视且欺凌程度高（交叉类别）（7%）。在多变量模型中，与低歧视类别相比，性取向歧视类别和交叉类别中的个体进行故意自我伤害的几率更高。交叉类别中的学生出现自杀意念的几率也更高。与低歧视类别相比，所有三个歧视潜在类别都有明显更高的抑郁症状。歧视和欺凌的多种属性在青少年中同时出现。研究应考虑欺凌和歧视的同时出现情况。
