Department of Ecological Chemistry, University of Göteborg, S-400 33, Göteborg, Sweden.
J Chem Ecol. 1984 Jul;10(7):1029-55. doi: 10.1007/BF00987511.
Ips typographus beetles were collected in the field, separated into eight attack phases (from beetles walking on the trunk of a tree under attack to those excavating gallery systems with a mother gallery longer than 4 cm), and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen. 2-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol,cis- andtrans-verbenol, verbenone, myrtenol, trans-myrtanol, ipsenol, ipsdienol, and 2-phenylethanol were quantified from excised hindguts against an internal standard, heptyl acetate, in the extraction solvent. Methylbutenol, the pinene alcohols, and 2-phenylethanol showed the same pattern of variation between attack phases in males, with the largest amounts present before accepting females and then a fast decline. Ipsenol and ipsdienol were not detected in males before the females were accepted, and the amounts increased when the females start their egg laying. Verbenone occurred only in trace amounts. The beetles were sampled from five Norway spruce trees (Picea abies) of differing resin flow. The correlations between the nine pheromone components and five major host monoterpenes in the gut showed that the variation in the amount of methyl-butenol, ipsenol, and ipsdienol could not be explained by the variation in the amounts of host monoterpenes. In contrast over 80% of the quantitative variation ofcis-verbenol,trans-verbenol, and myrtenol was explained by the amount of α-pinene. The nine pheromone components from 36 individual males were also quantified. Both methylbutenol andcis-verbenol showed a large variation in both amounts and proportions. Females containedtrans-verbenol and traces of most other components found in males. When accepted by the male, they also contained a female-specific compound, β-isophorone. Behavioral and biosynthetic implications of the results are discussed.
采自野外的云杉大小蠹（Ips typographus）被分成八个攻击阶段（从在受攻击的树干上行走的甲虫到挖掘长度超过 4 厘米的母坑道系统的甲虫），然后立即用液氮冷冻。从切除的后肠中，用正庚酸乙酯作为内标，对 2-甲基-3-丁烯-2-醇、顺式和反式马鞭草烯醇、马鞭草酮、桃金娘醇、反式桃金娘醇、ipsenol、ipsdienol 和 2-苯乙醇进行定量分析。在雄性中，甲基丁烯醇、蒎烯醇和 2-苯乙醇在攻击阶段之间表现出相同的变化模式，在接受雌性之前含量最大，然后迅速下降。在接受雌性之前，ipsenol 和 ipsdienol 未在雄性中检测到，当雌性开始产卵时，其含量增加。马鞭草酮仅以痕量存在。这些甲虫是从 5 棵不同树脂流的挪威云杉（Picea abies）树上采集的。在肠道中，9 种信息素成分与 5 种主要宿主单萜之间的相关性表明，甲基丁烯醇、ipsenol 和 ipsdienol 的量的变化不能用宿主单萜的量的变化来解释。相比之下，顺式-马鞭草烯醇、反式马鞭草烯醇和桃金娘醇的 80%以上的定量变化可以用α-蒎烯的量来解释。还对 36 只雄性个体的 9 种信息素成分进行了定量分析。甲基丁烯醇和顺式马鞭草烯醇的含量和比例都有很大的变化。雌性含有反式马鞭草烯醇和雄性中存在的大多数其他成分的痕迹。当被雄性接受时，它们还含有一种雌性特有的化合物β-异佛尔酮。讨论了结果的行为和生物合成意义。
