Sugishita Yoshiyuki, Takahashi Takuri, Hori Narumi, Abo Mitsuru
Epidemiological Information Section, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan .
Western Pac Surveill Response J. 2013 Aug 1;4(3):37-41. doi: 10.5365/WPSAR.2013.4.2.011. eCollection 2013 Jul-Sep.
A large rubella outbreak has been occurring in Tokyo, Japan since June 2012. Rubella vaccination, introduced in Japan in 1976, has targeted different age groups, resulting in a large proportion of the current population being unvaccinated.
Rubella cases reported in Tokyo from 2 January 2012 to 21 April 2013 were analysed. A clinical case had generalized maculopapular rash, fever and lymphadenopathy; a laboratory-confirmed case was a clinical case with a positive serology or polymerase chain reaction test for rubella. A descriptive analysis of cases by age, sex, vaccination history and other epidemiological information was conducted.
A total of 2382 cases were reported from all areas of Tokyo. Three-quarters were male (n = 1823; 76.5%); the highest number of cases occurred among males aged 35-39 years and females aged 20-24 years. About a third of males (27%) and females (32%) reported never receiving rubella vaccination, with 68% and 56%, respectively, having an unknown vaccination status.
This outbreak reflects the changing, yet incomplete, immunization policies for rubella in Japan that may increase the risk of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). To suppress the outbreak of rubella and prevent CRS cases, we recommend vaccination for the entire susceptible population.
自2012年6月以来，日本东京一直在发生大规模风疹疫情。1976年在日本引入的风疹疫苗针对不同年龄组，导致当前很大一部分人口未接种疫苗。
对2012年1月2日至2013年4月21日在东京报告的风疹病例进行分析。临床病例有全身性斑丘疹、发热和淋巴结病；实验室确诊病例是血清学或风疹聚合酶链反应检测呈阳性的临床病例。按年龄、性别、疫苗接种史和其他流行病学信息对病例进行描述性分析。
东京所有地区共报告2382例病例。四分之三为男性（n = 1823；76.5%）；病例数最多的是35 - 39岁男性和20 - 24岁女性。约三分之一的男性（27%）和女性（32%）报告从未接种过风疹疫苗，分别有68%和56%的人疫苗接种状况不明。
此次疫情反映了日本风疹免疫政策不断变化但仍不完善的情况，这可能增加先天性风疹综合征（CRS）的风险。为抑制风疹疫情并预防CRS病例，我们建议对所有易感人群进行疫苗接种。
