Katsiki Niki, Athyros Vasilios G, Karagiannis Asterios, Mikhailidis Dimitri P
Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry (Vascular Disease Prevention Clinics), Royal Free Hospital campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), Pond Street London NW3 2QG, UK.
Curr Pharm Des. 2014;20(31):4944-52. doi: 10.2174/1381612819666131206100750.
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by a cluster of risk factors including central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, The MetS is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Several international organizations have defined MetS using different diagnostic criteria that produced discrepancies in the results of previous studies, thus leading to the latest Joint Interim Societies (JIS) MetS definition. Other risk factors than the diagnostic criteria that have been associated with MetS include lipid abnormalities, uric acid, liver function, prothrombotic factors, cytokines, adipokines, vitamin D, arterial stiffness, polycystic ovary syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea. Apart from CVD and T2DM, MetS has been related to non-cardiac vascular diseases and in particular to stroke, carotid artery disease, peripheral artery disease, chronic kidney disease, atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis and abdominal aortic aneurysms. In this narrative review, the associations of these diseases with MetS and its components will be discussed. These associations may further increase CVD risk in MetS patients, highlighting the importance of treating such high-risk individuals early and "to target". In this context, multifactorial treatment including a statin has been proven beneficial, and thus should be considered, in MetS patients.
代谢综合征（MetS）的特征是一系列危险因素，包括中心性肥胖、高血压、血脂异常和胰岛素抵抗。MetS与心血管疾病（CVD）和2型糖尿病（T2DM）风险增加相关。几个国际组织使用不同的诊断标准来定义MetS，这导致了先前研究结果的差异，从而产生了最新的联合临时学会（JIS）MetS定义。除诊断标准外，与MetS相关的其他危险因素还包括脂质异常、尿酸、肝功能、血栓前状态因素、细胞因子、脂肪因子、维生素D、动脉僵硬度、多囊卵巢综合征和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停。除了CVD和T2DM，MetS还与非心脏血管疾病有关，特别是与中风、颈动脉疾病、外周动脉疾病、慢性肾病、动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄和腹主动脉瘤有关。在这篇叙述性综述中，将讨论这些疾病与MetS及其组成成分之间的关联。这些关联可能会进一步增加MetS患者的CVD风险，凸显了尽早治疗这类高危个体并“靶向治疗”的重要性。在这种情况下，包括他汀类药物在内的多因素治疗已被证明对MetS患者有益，因此应予以考虑。
